| Literature DB >> 33795901 |
Carlos A Ordoñez1,2,3, Michael W Parra4, Yaset Caicedo5, Natalia Padilla5, Fernando Rodríguez-Holguín1, José Julián Serna1,2,3,6, Alexander Salcedo1,2,3,6, Alberto García1,2,3, Claudia Orlas7,8, Luis Fernando Pino2,6, Ana Milena Del Valle9, David Mejia10,11, Juan Carlos Salamea-Molina12,13, Megan Brenner14, Tal Hörer15.
Abstract
Noncompressible torso hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. An efficient and appropriate evaluation of the trauma patient with ongoing hemorrhage is essential to avoid the development of the lethal diamond (hypothermia, coagulopathy, hypocalcemia, and acidosis). Currently, the initial management strategies include permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation, and damage control surgery. However, recent advances in technology have opened the doors to a wide variety of endovascular techniques that achieve these goals with minimal morbidity and limited access. An example of such advances has been the introduction of the Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), which has received great interest among trauma surgeons around the world due to its potential and versatility in areas such as trauma, gynecology & obstetrics and gastroenterology. This article aims to describe the experience earned in the use of REBOA in noncompressible torso hemorrhage patients. Our results show that REBOA can be used as a new component in the damage control resuscitation of the severely injured trauma patient. To this end, we propose two new deployment algorithms for hemodynamically unstable noncompressible torso hemorrhage patients: one for blunt and another for penetrating trauma. We acknowledge that REBOA has its limitations, which include a steep learning curve, its inherent cost and availability. Although to reach the best outcomes with this new technology, it must be used in the right way, by the right surgeon with the right training and to the right patient.Entities:
Keywords: REBOA; Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta; advanced trauma life support care; balloon occlusion; damage control; endovascular procedures.; gunshot; hemodynamically unstable; injury severity score; noncompressible torso hemorrhage; nonpenetrating; trauma centers; wounds
Year: 2020 PMID: 33795901 PMCID: PMC7968426 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v51i4.4422.4506
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Baseline characteristics of patients receiving REBOA for treatment of noncompressible torso hemorrhage.
| Variable | REBOA (n= 56) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 33 (23-45) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 48 (85) |
| Penetrating mechanism, n (%) | 37 (66) |
| Gunshot wound, n (%) | 30 (81.08) |
| Stab wound, n (%) | 7 (18.92) |
| Blunt mechanism, n (%) | 19 (33.9) |
| Injury Severity Score, median (IQR) | 25 (25-37) |
| Chest AIS, median (IQR) | 5 (3-5) |
| Abdominal AIS, median (IQR) | 5 (4-5) |
| Pelvic/extremity AIS, median (IQR) | 3 (3-3) |
| Vital Signs | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mm HG, mean (SD) | 69 (29.1) |
| Heart rate, bpm, median (IQR) | 110 (96-127) |
| Glasgow Coma Score, median (IQR) | 14 (10-15) |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 10 (17.8) |
| Resuscitation Requirements | |
| Units of Packed-Red Blood Cells, 6 h, median (IQR) | 6 (4-9) |
| Units of Fresh Frozen Plasma, 6 h, median (IQR) | 4 (3-6) |
| Platelets, 6 h, median (IQR) | 6 (0-6) |
| Cryoprecipitate, 6 h, median (IQR) | 7 (0-10) |
| Units of Packed-Red Blood Cells, 24 h, median (IQR) | 7 (5-12) |
| Units of Fresh Frozen Plasma, 24 h, median (IQR) | 7 (4-11) |
| Platelets, 24 h, median (IQR) | 6 (0-12) |
| Cryoprecipitate, 24 h, median (IQR) | 10 (4-16) |
| Crystalloids, 24 h, mean (SD)* | 4,905 (2,752) |
AIS: Abbreviated Injury Score, IQR: Interquartile Range, SD: Standard Deviation.
Characteristics related to REBOA placement
| Variable | REBOA (n=56) |
|---|---|
| Arterial access | |
| Surgical cutdown, n (%) | 46 (82.1) |
| Ultrasound-guided percutaneous, n (%) | 10 (17.8) |
| Location | |
| Emergency department, n (%) | 2 (4) |
| Operating room, n (%) | 53 (94) |
| Angiography suite, n (%) | 1 (2) |
| Pre-Aortic Occlusion | |
| systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 50 (40-65) |
| Post-Aortic Occlusion | |
| systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 110 (89-123) |
| Positioning zone | |
| Zone 1, n (%) | 24 (42.8) |
| Zone 3, n (%) | 6 (10.7) |
| Zone 1 + Zone 3, n (%) | 26 (46.2) |
| Duration of Aortic Occlusion | |
| Total occlusion, min, median (IQR) | 41 (24-60) |
| Zone 1, min, median (IQR) | 25 (19-43) |
| Zone 3, min, median (IQR) | 16 (10-36) |
| Type of Balloon Catheter | |
| CodaTM, n (%) | 34 (60.7) |
| Prytime emergency room-REBOATM, n (%) | 17 (30.3) |
| Rescue balloonTM, n (%) | 3 (5.3) |
| Jotec balloonTM, n (%) | 2 (3.5) |
| Aortic Occlusion Positioning Technique | |
| C-arm fluoroscopy, n (%) | 1 (2) |
| Anatomical Landmarks, n (%) | 55 (98) |
| Ultrasound | 0 |
AO: Aortic Occlusion, IQR: Interquartile Range, REBOA: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon of the Aorta.
Figure 1Hemodynamically Unstable Noncompressible torso hemorrhage: Blunt Trauma Algorithm. ABC: Airway, Breathing, Circulation. FAST: Focussed Assesment with Sonography for Trauma; REBOA: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta.
Figure 2Hemodynamically Unstable Noncompressible torso hemorrhage: Penetrating Trauma Algorithm. ABC: Airway, Breathing, Circulation. FAST: Focussed Assesment with Sonography for Trauma; REBOA: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta.
Figure 3REBOA: Conceptual Axis. ATLS: Advanced Trauma Life Support; ABCDE: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure; DCR: Damage control resuscitation; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; REBOA: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Oclussion of the Aorta.
Características clínicas de pacientes con Shock Hemorrágico y colocación de REBOA
| Variable | REBOA (n=56) |
|---|---|
| Edad, mediana (RIQ) | 33 (23-45) |
| Masculino, n (%) | 48 (85) |
| Mecanismo penetrante, n (%) | 37 (66) |
| Arma de fuego, n (%) | 30 (81.08) |
| Arma blanca, n (%) | 7 (18.92) |
| Mecanismo cerrado, n (%) | 19 (33.9) |
| Injury Severity Score*, mediana (RIQ) | 25 (25-37) |
| Tórax AIS, mediana (RIQ) | 5 (3-5) |
| Abdominal AIS, mediana (RIQ) | 5 (4-5) |
| Pelvis/extremidades AIS, mediana (RIQ) | 3 (3-3) |
| Signos vitales | |
| Presión Arterial Sistolica, mm HG, media (DE) | 69(29.1) |
| Frecuencia cardíaca, lpm, media (RIQ) | 110 (96-127) |
| Escala de Coma de Glasgow, mediana (RIQ) | 14 (10-15) |
| Paro cardíaco, n (%) | 10 (17.8) |
| Requerimiento de resucitación | |
| Unidad de Glóbulos Rojos, 6 h, mediana (RIQ) | 6 (4-9) |
| Unidad de Plasma Fresco Congelado, 6 h, mediana (RIQ) | 4 (3-6) |
| Plaquetas, 6 h, mediana (RIQ) | 6 (0-6) |
| Crioprecipitado, 6 h, mediana (RIQ) | 7 (0-10) |
| Unidad de Glóbulos Rojos, 24 h, mediana (RIQ) | 7 (5-12) |
| Unidad de Plasma Fresco Congelado, 24 h, mediana (RIQ) | 7 (4-11) |
| Plaquetas, 24 h, mediana (RIQ) | 6 (0-12) |
| Crioprecipitado, 24 h, mediana (RIQ) | 10 (4-16) |
| Cristaloides, 24 h, media (DE) | 4,905 (2,752) |
AIS: Índice abreviado de trauma - Abbreviated Injury Score; DE: Desviación estándar, RIQ: Rango intercuartílico.
Características relacionadas con la colocación de REBOA como acceso arterial, localización, estado hemodinámico y técnica.
| Variable | REBOA (n=56) |
|---|---|
| Acceso Arterial | |
| Incisión quirúrgica, n (%) | 46 (82.1) |
| Percutánea con guía ecográfica, n (%) | 10 (17.8) |
| Localización | |
| Servicio de urgencias, n (%) | 2 (4) |
| Quirófano, n (%) | 53 (94) |
| Sala angiografía, n (%) | 1 (2) |
| Pre-Oclusión Aortica | |
| Presión Arterial Sistólica, mm HG, mediana (RIQ) | 50 (40-65) |
| Post- Oclusión Aortica | |
| Presión Arterial Sistolica, mm Hg, mediana (RIQ) | 110 (89-123) |
| Zona de posición | |
| Zona 1, n (%) | 24 (42.8) |
| Zona 3, n (%) | 6 (10.7) |
| Zona 1 + Zona 3, n (%) | 26 (46.2) |
| Duración Oclusión Aortica | |
| Oclusión total, min, mediana (RIQ) | 41 (24-60) |
| Oclusión - Zona 1, min, mediana (RIQ) | 25 (19-43) |
| Oclusión - Zona 3, min, mediana (RIQ) | 16 (10-36) |
| Tipo de Catéter | |
| CodaTM, n (%) | 34 (60.7) |
| Prytime ER-REBOATM, n (%) | 17 (30.3) |
| Rescue balloonTM, n (%) | 3 (5.3) |
| Jotec balloonTM, n (%) | 2 (3.5) |
| Técnica de Posicionamiento OA | |
| Fluoroscopia, n (%) | 1 (2) |
| Referentes anatómicos, n (%) | 55 (98) |
| Ecografía, n (%) | 0 |
RIQ: Rango intercuartílico.
Figura 1Hemorragia no compresible del torso hemodinámicamente inestable: Algoritmo de trauma cerrado; FAST: Ecografía enfocada al trauma (Focussed Assesment with Sonography for Trauma); REBOA: Balón de resucitación endovascular de oclusión aortica (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Oclussion of the Aorta);
Figura 2Hemorragia no compresible del torso hemodinámicamente inestable: Algoritmo de trauma penetrante. FAST: Ecografía enfocada al trauma (Focussed Assesment with Sonography for Trauma); REBOA: Balón de resucitación endovascular de oclusión aortica (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Oclussion of the Aorta);
Figura 3REBOA: Eje conceptual. ATLS: Soporte vital avanzado en trauma (Advanced Trauma Life Support); ABCDE: Airway (vía aérea), Breathing (ventilación / respiración), Circulation (circulación), Disability (evaluación de la disfunción neurológica) y Exposure (exposición); RCD: Resucitación control de daños; PAS: Presión arterial sistólica; REBOA: Balón de resucitación endovascular de oclusión aortica (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Oclussion of the Aorta).
| 1) Why was this study conducted? |
| This article aims to describe the experience earned in the use of REBOA in non-compressible torso hemorrhage patients by Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) of Cali, Colom bia. |
| 2) What were the most relevant results of the study? |
| We propose two new deployment algorithms for hemodynamically unstable non- compressible torso hemorrhage patients: one for blunt and another for penetrating trauma. REBOA must be used in the right way, by the right surgeon with the right training and to the right patient. |
| 3) What do these results contribute? |
| Our results show that REBOA can be used as a new component in the damage control resuscitation of the severely injured trauma patient. |
| 1) ¿Por qué se realizó este estudio? |
| El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la experiencia obtenida en el uso del REBOA en pacientes con hemorragia no compresible del torso por el grupo de cirugía de trauma y emergencias (CTE) Cali, Colombia . |
| 2) ¿Cuáles fueron los resultados más relevantes del estudio? |
| Se proponen dos nuevos algoritmos de manejo para los pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con hemorragia no compresible del torso: uno para trauma penetrante y otro para trauma cerrado. El REBOA debe ser usado de la manera correcta, por el cirujano correcto con el entrenamiento correcto y para el paciente correcto. |
| 3¿Qué aportan estos resultados? |
| El REBOA puede ser usado como un nuevo componente en la resucitación de control de daños de pacientes con trauma severo. |