| Literature DB >> 31553360 |
Laercio Antonio da Silva1, Rogério Simonetti2, Edina Mariko Koga da Silva2.
Abstract
Urinary incontinence after prostatectomy has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of the patient. The surgical treatment includes several models of male slings, such as adjustable slings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adjustable sling in the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. This is a systematic review of literature. The following electronic databases were searched until January 2018: PubMed®, Embase, CENTRAL and LILACS. The keywords used in the search strategies were: "prostatectomy" [Mesh], "urinary incontinence" [Mesh] and "suburethral slings" [Mesh]. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies, with or without Control Group, and follow-up of more than 12 months were included. Only one randomized study with high risk of bias was included and it concluded the effectiveness equivalence between adjustable and non-adjustable slings. All other studies were cases series with patients of varying levels of incontinence intensity and history of pelvic radiation therapy and previous surgeries. The meta-analysis for 0 pad in 24 hours demonstrated an effectiveness of 53%. For the 0 to 1 pad test in 24 hours, the meta-analysis resulted in an effectiveness of 69%. Risk factors for surgery failure include prior radiation, severity of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence, and previous surgeries. The meta-analysis of the extrusion rate was 9.8% and the most commonly reported adverse effects were pain and local infection. Evidence of low quality indicates that adjustable slings are effective for treating post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence, with frequency of adverse events similar to the surgical option considered gold standard (the artificial urinary sphincter implant).Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31553360 PMCID: PMC6748345 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2019RW4508
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Search terms used in all databases
| #2 – (post prostatectomy OR post-prostatectomy OR Prostatectomy OR Prostatectomies OR Suprapubic Prostatectomies OR Suprapubic Prostatectomy OR Retropubic Prostatectomies OR Retropubic Prostatectomy) |
| #4 − (suburethral Slings OR Suburethral Sling OR Transobturator Tape OR Transobturator Tapes OR Transobturator Suburethral Tape OR Trans-Obturator Tape) |
| #5 #1 AND #2 AND #3 AND #4 |
Search strategy at MEDLINE via PubMed®
| #1 randomised controlled trial [pt] |
| #2 controlled clinical trial [pt] |
| #3 randomized [tiab] |
| #4 placebo [tiab] |
| #5 drug therapy [sh] |
| #6 randomly [tiab] |
| #7 trial [tiab] |
| #8 groups [tiab] |
| #9 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 |
| #10 animals [mh] NOT humans [mh] |
| #11 #9 NOT # 10 |
Search strategy at Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) via Latin-American and Caribbean Center for Health Sciences Information (BIREME)
| (Pt randomized controlled trial OR Pt controlled clinical trial OR Mh randomized controlled trials OR Mh random allocation OR Mh double-blind method OR Mh single-blind method) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal)) OR (Pt clinical trial OR Ex E05.318.760.535$ OR (Tw clin$ AND (Tw trial$ OR Tw ensa$ OR Tw estud$ OR Tw experim$ OR Tw investiga$)) OR ((Tw singl$ OR Tw simple$ OR Tw doubl$ OR Tw doble$ OR Tw duplo$ OR Tw trebl$ OR Tw trip$) AND (Tw blind$ OR Tw cego$ OR Tw ciego$ OR TW Mask$ or Tw mascar$ )) OR Mhplacebos PR Twplacebo$ OR (Tw random$ OR Twrandon$ OR Tw casual$ OR Tw acaso$ OR Tw a zar OR Tw aleator$) OR Mh research design) AND NOT (Ct human and Ct animal)) OR (Ct comparative study OR Ex E05.337$ OR Mh follow-up studies OR Mh prospective studies OR Tw control$ OR Tw prospectiv$ OR Tw volunt$ OR Tw volunteer$) AND NOT (Ct animal AND NOT (human and Ct animal))) |
Search strategy at EMBASE via Ovid®
| 01 random$ |
| 02 factorial$ |
| 03 crossover$ |
| 04 cross over$ |
| 05 cross-over$ |
| 06 placebo$ |
| 07 double$ adj blind$ |
| 08 singl$ adj blind$ |
| 09 assign$ |
| 10 allocate$ |
| 11 volunteer$ |
| 12 cross-over procedure |
| 13 double-blind procedure |
| 14 randomized controlled trial |
| 15 single-blind procedure |
Figure 1Study flowchart
Characteristics of the studies included
| Studies | Type of sling | Design | Sample | Severity of PPI | Follow-up period (months) | Definition of cure | Cure rate (%) | Adjustments | Extrusion rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lima et al.(21) | ArgusT®
| Randomized clinical trial | 22 | - | 18 | 0-1 pad | ArgusT®: 77.8 Advance®: 45.5 | In 27.3% | - |
| Angulo et al.(22) | ATOM® | Prospective | 34 | Mild: 5.9% | 18.5 | 0-1 pad | 85.3 | Once | 0 |
| Moderate: 17.6% | |||||||||
| Severe: 76.5% | |||||||||
| Bauer et al.(23) | ArgusT® | Prospective | 42 | Moderate: 7.1 pad/day | 28.8 | 0 pad | 61.9 | 1.7 times | 4.8 |
| Bochove-Overgaauw et al.(24) | Argus® | Retrospective | 95 | Mild: 13.7% | 27 | 0-1 pad | 54 | 1.5 times | 11.5 |
| Moderate: 48.2% | |||||||||
| Severe: 43.1% | |||||||||
| Chung et al.(25) | Argus® | Prospective | 25 | - | 36.2 | 0-1 pad | 92 | - | - |
| Cornel(26) | Argus® | Prospective | 36 | - | 12 | 0 pad | 50 | - | 11.1 |
| Friedl et al.(27) | ATOMS® | Prospective | 287 | Mild: 11% | 31 | 0-1 pad | 64 | 3.0 times | 20 |
| Moderate: 67% | |||||||||
| Severe: 22% | |||||||||
| Hoda et al.(28) | ATOMS® | Prospective | 99 | Mild: 12% | 17.8 | 0-1 pad | 85.5 | 3.8 times | 4 |
| Moderate: 39% | |||||||||
| Severe: 49% | |||||||||
| Kim et al.(29) | MRS® | Prospective | 64 | Mild: 42.2% | 46 | 0-1 pad | 60.9 | 1.9 times | 3.1 |
| Moderate: 43.8% | |||||||||
| Severe: 14% | |||||||||
| Leizour et al.(30) | Remeex® | Prospective | 25 | Mild: 60% | 31 | 0-1 pad | 36 | In 60% | 16 |
| Moderate: 20% | |||||||||
| Severe: 20% | |||||||||
| Lim et al.(31) | Argus® | Prospective | 20 | Moderate: 100% | 24.7 | 0-1 pad | 85 | In 45% | 15 |
| Mühlstädt et al.(32) | ATOMS® | Retrospective | 54 | Mild: 1.9% | 27.5 | 0 pad | 48 | 4.5 times | 9.3 |
| Moderate: 29.6% | |||||||||
| Severe: 68.5% | |||||||||
| Navalón-Monllor et al.(33) | Remeex® | Prospective | 24 | Severe: 100% | 40.7 | 0-1 pad | 100 | 2.4 times | 8 |
| Romano et al.(34) | Argus® | Prospective | 47 | - | 45 | 0-1 pad | 78.7 | In 19.4% | 19.1 |
| Romano et al.(35) | ArgusT® | Prospective | 36 | Mild e moderate: 22% | 45 | 0 pad | 66 | In 19.4% | 10.4 |
| Grave: 78% | |||||||||
| Seweryn et al.(36) | ATOMS® | Prospective | 38 | Mild: 7.9% | 17 | 0-1 pad | 60.5 | 3.9 times | 15.8 |
| Moderate: 34.2% | |||||||||
| Severe: 57.9% | |||||||||
| Siracusano et al.(37) | ArgusT® | Prospective | 182 | Mild: 11.6% | 22 | 0-1 pad | 33 | In 30% | 9.3 |
| Moderate: 52.7% | |||||||||
| Severe: 35.8% | |||||||||
| Sousa-Escandón et al.(38) | Remeex® | Prospective | 51 | - | 32 | 0-1 pad | 64.7 | In 33% | 5.9 |
PPI: post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence.
Evaluation of quality of the randomized clinical trial(21)
| Domain | Opinion | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appropriate randomization? | Yes | Table with random numbers |
| Occultation of allocation? | Uncertain | There is no informationo |
| Blind? | No | Open study |
| Incomplete outcome data? | No | No report of losses |
| Free of selective outcome? | Yes | Relevant outcomes reported in results |
| Free of other biases? | No | No calculation of sample size |
| Limited sample | ||
| Bias risk | High |
Evaluation of quality of the studies included
| Study | Clear objective | Appropriate method | Inclusion and exclusion criteria | Recruitment period | Consecutive patients | Appropriate outcomes | Prospective | No significant losses | Final quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angulo et al.(22) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Bauer et al.(23) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Bochove-Overgaauw et al.(24) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Chung et al.(25) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Cornel(26) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Friedl et al.(27) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Moderate |
| Hoda et al.(28) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Kim et al.(29) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Leizour et al.(30) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Lim et al.(31) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Mühlstädt et al.(32) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Navalón-Monllor et al.(33) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Moderate |
| Romano et al.(34) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Romano et al.(35) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Seweryn et al.(36) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Siracusano et al.(37) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
| Sousa-Escandón et al.(38) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | High |
Characteristics of the excluded studied
| Balci et al.(39) | Type of sling different from inclusion criterion |
| Dalpiaz et al.(40) | No report of primary review outcome |
| Friedl et al.(41) | No report of primary review outcome |
| González et al.(42) | Follow up for less than 12 months |
| Hübner et al.(43) | No report of primary review outcome |
| Krause et al.(44) | No report of primary review outcome |
| Kretschmer et al.(45) | No report of primary review outcome |
| Miodrag et al.(46) | Follow up for less than 12 months |
| Jiménez Parra et al.(47) | Follow up for less than 12 months |
| Romano et al.(48) | Follow up for less than 12 months |
Figure 2Meta-analysis of cure as 0 pad-test in 24 hours
Figure 3Meta-analysis of cure as 0-1 pads test in 24 hours
Figure 4Meta-analysis of sling extrusion rate in the postoperative period
Summary of results
| Outcome | Participant (studies) | % (IC95%) | Quality of evidence | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pad-test 24 hours = 0 | 132 (3 studies) | 53 (45-62) | Low | Descriptive studies |
| Limited sample | ||||
| Pad-teste 24 hours = 0-1 | 1,038 (13 studies) | 69 (57-80) | Low | Descriptive studies |
| Heterogeneity in analyses | ||||
| Extrusion rate | 1,134 (16 studies) | 9.8 (6,5-13.1) | Low | Descriptive studies |
| Heterogeneity in analyses |
Termos de busca utilizados em todos os bancos de dados
| #1 − |
| #3 − |
Estratégia de busca MEDLINE via PubMed®
Estratégia de busca Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) via Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME)
Estratégia de busca EMBASE via Ovid®
Figura 1Diagrama do fluxo do estudo
Características dos estudos incluídos
| Estudos | Tipo de | Desenho | Amostra | Gravidade da IUPP | Tempo de seguimento (meses) | Definição de cura | Taxa de cura (%) | Ajustes | Taxa de extrusão (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lima et al.(21) | ArgusT® | Ensaio clínico randomizado | 22 | - | 18 | 0-1 pad | ArgusT®: 77,8 Advance®: 45,5 | Em 27,3% | - |
| Angulo et al.(22) | ATOM® | Prospectivo | 34 | Leve: 5,9% | 18,5 | 0-1 pad | 85,3 | 1,0 vez | 0 |
| Moderada: 17,6% | |||||||||
| Grave: 76,5% | |||||||||
| Bauer et al.(23) | ArgusT® | Prospectivo | 42 | Média: 7,1 pad/dia | 28,8 | 0 pad | 61,9 | 1,7 vez | 4,8 |
| Bochove-Overgaauw et al.(24) | Argus® | Retrospectivo | 95 | Leve: 13,7% | 27 | 0-1 pad | 54 | 1,5 vez | 11,5 |
| Moderada: 48,2% | |||||||||
| Grave: 43,1% | |||||||||
| Chung et al.(25) | Argus® | Prospectivo | 25 | - | 36,2 | 0-1 pad | 92 | - | - |
| Cornel(26) | Argus® | Prospectivo | 36 | - | 12 | 0 pad | 50 | - | 11,1 |
| Friedl et al.(27) | ATOMS® | Retrospectivo | 287 | Leve: 11% | 31 | 0-1 pad | 64 | 3,0 vezes | 20 |
| Moderada: 67% | |||||||||
| Grave: 22% | |||||||||
| Hoda et al.(28) | ATOMS® | Prospectivo | 99 | Leve: 12% | 17,8 | 0-1 pad | 85,5 | 3,8 vezes | 4 |
| Moderada: 39% | |||||||||
| Grave: 49% | |||||||||
| Kim et al.(29) | MRS® | Prospectivo | 64 | Leve: 42,2% | 46 | 0-1 pad | 60,9 | 1,9 vezes | 3,1 |
| Moderada: 43,8% | |||||||||
| Grave: 14% | |||||||||
| Leizour et al.(30) | Remeex® | Prospectivo | 25 | Leve: 60% | 31 | 0-1 pad | 36 | Em 60% | 16 |
| Moderada: 20% | |||||||||
| Grave: 20% | |||||||||
| Lim et al.(31) | Argus® | Prospectivo | 20 | Moderada: 100% | 24,7 | 0-1 pad | 85 | Em 45% | 15 |
| Mühlstädt et al.(32) | ATOMS® | Retrospectivo | 54 | Leve: 1,9% | 27,5 | 0 pad | 48 | 4,5 vezes | 9,3 |
| Moderada: 29,6% | |||||||||
| Grave: 68,5% | |||||||||
| Navalón-Monllor et al.(33) | Remeex® | Prospectivo | 24 | Grave: 100% | 40,7 | 0-1 pad | 100 | 2,4 vezes | 8 |
| Romano et al.(34) | Argus® | Prospectivo | 47 | - | 45 | 0-1 pad | 78,7 | Em 19,4% | 19,1 |
| Romano et al.(35) | ArgusT® | Prospectivo | 36 | Leve e moderada: 22% | 45 | 0 pad | 66 | Em 19,4% | 10,4 |
| Grave: 78% | |||||||||
| Seweryn et al.(36) | ATOMS® | Prospectivo | 38 | Leve: 7,9% | 17 | 0-1 pad | 60,5 | 3,9 vezes | 15,8 |
| Moderada: 34,2% | |||||||||
| Grave: 57,9% | |||||||||
| Siracusano et al.(37) | ArgusT® | Prospectivo | 182 | Leve: 11,6% | 22 | 0-1 pad | 33 | Em 30% | 9,3 |
| Moderada: 52,7% | |||||||||
| Grave: 35,8% | |||||||||
| Sousa-Escandón et al.(38) | Remeex® | Prospectivo | 51 | - | 32 | 0-1 pad | 64,7 | Em 33% | 5,9 |
IUPP: incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia.
Avaliação da qualidade do ensaio clínico randomizado(21)
| Domínio | Julgamento | Descrição |
|---|---|---|
| Randomização adequada? | Sim | Tabela números randômicos |
| Ocultação de alocação? | Incerto | Não há informação |
| Cego? | Não | Estudo aberto |
| Dados de desfechos incompletos? | Não | Não relata perdas |
| Livre de desfecho seletivo | Sim | Desfechos relevantes de relatados em resultados |
| Livre de outros vieses | Não | Sem cálculo de tamanho de amostra Amostra limitada |
| Risco de viés | Alto |
Avaliação da qualidade dos estudos incluídos
| Estudo | Objetivo claro | Método adequado | Critérios de inclusão e exclusão | Período de recrutamento | Pacientes consecutivos | Desfechos apropriados | Prospectivo | Sem perdas importantes | Qualidade final |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angulo et al.(22) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Bauer et al.(23) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Bochove-Overgaauw et al.(24) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Chung et al.(25) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Cornel(26) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Friedl et al.(27) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Moderada |
| Hoda et al.(28) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Kim et al.(29) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Leizour et al.(30) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Lim et al.(31) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Mühlstädt et al.(32) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Navalón-Monllor et al.(33) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Moderada |
| Romano et al.(34) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Romano et al.(35) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Seweryn et al.(36) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Siracusano et al.(37) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
| Sousa-Escandón et al.(38) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Alta |
Características dos estudos excluídos
| Balci et al.(39) | Tipo de sling diferente do critério de inclusão |
| Dalpiaz et al.(40) | Não reporta desfecho primário da revisão |
| Friedl et al.(41) | Não reporta desfecho primário da revisão |
| González et al.(42) | Seguimento inferior a 12 meses |
| Hübner et al.(43) | Não reporta desfecho primário da revisão |
| Krause et al.(44) | Não reporta desfecho primário da revisão |
| Kretschmer et al.(45) | Não reporta desfecho primário da revisão |
| Miodrag et al.(46) | Seguimento inferior a 12 meses |
| Jiménez Parra et al.(47) | Seguimento inferior a 12 meses |
| Romano et al.(48) | Seguimento inferior a 12 meses |
Figura 2Metanálise de cura como 0 pad em 24 horas
Figura 3Metanálise de cura como 0-1 pads em 24 horas
Figura 4Metanálise da taxa de extrusão do sling no pós-operatório
Sumário dos resultados
| Desfecho | Participante (estudos) | % (IC95%) | Qualidade da evidência | Comentário |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pad-teste 24 horas = 0 | 132 (3 estudos) | 53 (45-62) | Baixa | Estudos descritivos |
| Amostra limitada | ||||
| Pad-teste 24 horas = 0-1 | 1.038 (13 estudos) | 69 (57-80) | Baixa | Estudos descritivos |
| Heterogeneidade nas análises | ||||
| Taxa de extrusão | 1.134 (16 estudos) | 9,8 (6,5-13,1) | Baixa | Estudos descritivos |
| Heterogeneidade nas análises |