| Literature DB >> 32616982 |
Giancarlo Cavalli Polesello1, Thiago Tronco Salerno1, João Hélio Zucarelli Rezende1, Marcelo Cavalheiro de Queiroz1, Nayra Deise Rabelo1,2, Walter Ricioli Junior1.
Abstract
Objective The present paper aims to evaluate the influences of individual characteristics in radiographic magnification and to identify the most accurate method for radiographic calibration. Methods During radiographical exam of 50 patients with hip prosthesis, anthropometric data was collected and 4 spherical metal markers with 25 mm diameters were positioned: at the greater trochanter level and lateral to it, over the pubic symphysis, between the thighs at the greater trochanter level, and over the exam table. Since the prosthesis head is the best internal radiographic marker for hip arthroplasty, it was our calibration parameter. Two examiners measured the markers' image for further analysis. Results The sample consisted of 50 participants, 19 of whom were male. A difference in pubic symphysis magnification was found. Other individual characteristics (weight, height and body mass index) had weak correlation. The higher accuracy of the markers was at the greater trochanter, between 68.4 and 78.9%, visualized in only19 radiographs. The marker positioned between the thighs was visualized in all radiographs, with an accuracy ranging from 30 to 46%. Conclusions Of all individual characteristics, only gender influences magnification at the pubic symphysis. We suggest the use of two spherical markers: at the greater trochanter, due the best accuracy, and between the thighs, considered the best positioning for better visibility.Entities:
Keywords: arthroplasty, replacement, hip; hip prosthesis; pelvis; radiographic magnification; radiography
Year: 2019 PMID: 32616982 PMCID: PMC7316537 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693052
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Sphere positioning on the greater trochanter level, seen in lateral.
Fig. 2Sphere positioning between the thighs, at the greater trochanter level, seen in lateral (A) and anterior view (B).
Fig. 3Sphere positioning in the pubic symphysis (A); Sphere positioning on the examination table, at the left side of the patient (B).
Complete description of anthropometric variables
| Mean | Standard deviation | CV | Minimum–Maximum | CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 72.1 | 15.2 | 21% | 45–110 | 4.2 |
|
| 1.61 | 0.10 | 6% | 1.38–1.92 | 4.2 |
|
| 27.7 | 5.0 | 18% | 16.1–43.0 | 1.4 |
Abbreviations: Kg, kilogram; m, meter; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CV, coefficient of variation.
Correlation of anthropometric variables according to the findings of examiner 1 in the 1 st evaluation
| Examiner 1 | Weight | Height | BMI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Corr (r) | -15.2% | 12.0% | -18.6% |
|
| 0.535 | 0.624 | 0.446 | |
|
| Corr (r) | 29.2% | 22.4% | 18.0% |
|
| 0.039 | 0.119 | 0.211 | |
|
| Corr (r) | 38.7% | 22.6% | 28.2% |
|
| 0.005 | 0.114 | 0.048 | |
|
| Corr (r) | -20.3% | -13.3% | -15.7% |
|
| 0.157 | 0.358 | 0.277 | |
Abbreviations: Corr (r), correlation; BMI, body mass index; kg, kilogram; m, meter.
Comparison between the visualization of the marker in the greater trochanter position with the anthropometric variables
| Right trochanter | Mean | Standard | CV | Minimum | Maximum | n | CI |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Visible | 62.4 | 12.1 | 19% | 45 | 86 | 19 | 5.4 | < 0.001 |
| Not visible | 78.1 | 14.0 | 18% | 56 | 110 | 31 | 4.9 | ||
|
| Visible | 1.59 | 0.08 | 5% | 1.45 | 1.70 | 19 | 0.04 | 0.185 |
| Not visible | 1.63 | 0.11 | 7% | 1.38 | 1.92 | 31 | 0.04 | ||
|
| Visible | 24.8 | 4.7 | 19% | 16.1 | 33.3 | 19 | 2.1 | 0.001 |
| Not visible | 29.5 | 4.3 | 15% | 23.2 | 43.0 | 31 | 1.5 | ||
Abbreviations: Kg, kilogram; m, meter; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CV, coefficient of variation; n, sample.
Comparison between position/evaluation and the actual size (25 mm)
| Position | Mean (mm) | Standard deviation | CV | Minimum (mm) | Maximum (mm) | n | CI |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examiner 1 at the 1 st evaluation | Greater trochanter | 25.00 | 0.58 | 2% | 24 | 26 | 19 | 0.26 | 1.000 |
| Between the thighs | 25.40 | 0.67 | 3% | 23 | 26 | 50 | 0.19 | < 0.001 | |
| Pubic symphysis | 27.96 | 0.67 | 2% | 26 | 29 | 50 | 0.19 | < 0.001 | |
| Examination table | 23.18 | 0.52 | 2% | 21 | 24 | 50 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | |
| Examiner 1 at the 2 nd evaluation | Greater trochanter | 25.05 | 0.52 | 2% | 24 | 26 | 19 | 0.24 | 0.667 |
| Between the thighs | 25.46 | 0.65 | 3% | 23 | 26 | 50 | 0.18 | <0.001 | |
| Pubic symphysis | 28.02 | 0.62 | 2% | 26 | 29 | 50 | 0.17 | < 0.001 | |
| Examination table | 23.14 | 0.50 | 2% | 21 | 24 | 50 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | |
| Examiner 2 at the single evaluation | Greater trochanter | 24.95 | 0.62 | 2% | 23 | 26 | 19 | 0.28 | 0.716 |
| Between the thighs | 25.62 | 0.75 | 3% | 24 | 27 | 50 | 0.21 | < 0.001 | |
| Pubic symphysis | 27.98 | 0.65 | 2% | 26 | 29 | 50 | 0.18 | < 0.001 | |
| Examination table | 23.36 | 0.53 | 2% | 22 | 24 | 50 | 0.15 | < 0.001 | |
Abbreviations: mm, millimeter; CV, coefficient of variation; IC, confidence interval; n, sample; p value, significance.
Accuracy of 25 mm in the positions per evaluation
| Accuracy in position | Examiner 1 at the 1 st evaluation | Examiner 1 at the 2 nd evaluation | Examiner 2 | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n25 | Accuracy | n25 | Accuracy | n25 | Accuracy | n | |
|
| 13 | 68.4% | 14 | 73.7% | 15 | 78.9% | 19 |
|
| 23 | 46.0% | 22 | 44.0% | 15 | 30.0% | 50 |
|
| 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 50 |
|
| 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 50 |
Abbreviations: n25, sample with exact measurement of 25 millimeters; n, sample number.
Fig. 1Posição da esfera no grande trocanter, vista lateral.
Fig. 2Posicionamento da esfera entre s coxas, no plano do trocanter maior, vista em perfil (A) e vista anterior B).
Fig. 3Posicionamento da esfera na sinfise pubica (A); Posicionamento da esfera na mesa do exame, do lado esquerdo do paciente (B).
Descritiva completa para variáveis antropométricas
| Média | Desvio Padrão | CV | Mínimo–Máximo | IC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 72,1 | 15,2 | 21% | 45–110 | 4,2 |
|
| 1,61 | 0,10 | 6% | 1,38–1,92 | 4,2 |
|
| 27,7 | 5,0 | 18% | 16,1–43,0 | 1,4 |
Abreviações: Kg, quilograma; m, metro; IMC, índice de massa corpórea; CV, coeficiente de variação; Min, mínimo; Max, máximo; IC, intervalo de confiança.
Correlação das variáveis antropométricas de acordo com o examinador 1 na 1ª avaliação
| Examinador 1 | Peso | Altura | IMC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Corr (r) | −15,2% | 12,0% | −18,6% |
|
Valor-
| 0,535 | 0,624 | 0,446 | |
|
| Corr (r) | 29,2% | 22,4% | 18,0% |
|
Valor-
| 0,039 | 0,119 | 0,211 | |
|
| Corr (r) | 38,7% | 22,6% | 28,2% |
|
Valor-
| 0,005 | 0,114 | 0,048 | |
|
| Corr (r) | −20,3% | −13,3% | −15,7% |
|
Valor-
| 0,157 | 0,358 | 0,277 | |
Abreviações: Corr (r), correlação; IMC, índice de massa corpórea; Kg, quilograma; m, metro.
Comparação entre visualização do marcador na posição trocânter maior e as variáveis antropométricas
| Trocânter direito | Média | Desvio Padrão | CV | Mínimo | Máximo | n | IC |
Valor-
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Aparece | 62,4 | 12,1 | 19% | 45 | 86 | 19 | 5,4 | < 0,001 |
| Não aparece | 78,1 | 14,0 | 18% | 56 | 110 | 31 | 4,9 | ||
|
| Aparece | 1,59 | 0,08 | 5% | 1,45 | 1,70 | 19 | 0,04 | 0,185 |
| Não aparece | 1,63 | 0,11 | 7% | 1,38 | 1,92 | 31 | 0,04 | ||
|
| Aparece | 24,8 | 4,7 | 19% | 16,1 | 33,3 | 19 | 2,1 | 0,001 |
| Não aparece | 29,5 | 4,3 | 15% | 23,2 | 43,0 | 31 | 1,5 | ||
Abreviações: Kg, quilograma; m, metro; IMC, índice de massa corpórea; CV, coeficiente de variação; IC, intervalo de confiança; n, amostra.
Comparação entre posição/avaliação e o tamanho real (25 mm)
| Posição | Média (mm) | Desvio Padrão | CV | Mínimo (mm) | Máximo (mm) | n | IC |
Valor-
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examinador 1 na 1ª avaliação | Trocânter maior | 25,00 | 0,58 | 2% | 24 | 26 | 19 | 0,26 | 1,000 |
| Entre as coxas | 25,40 | 0,67 | 3% | 23 | 26 | 50 | 0,19 | < 0,001 | |
| Sínfise púbica | 27,96 | 0,67 | 2% | 26 | 29 | 50 | 0,19 | < 0,001 | |
| Mesa do exame | 23,18 | 0,52 | 2% | 21 | 24 | 50 | 0,14 | < 0,001 | |
| Examinador 1 na 2ª avaliação | Trocânter maior | 25,05 | 0,52 | 2% | 24 | 26 | 19 | 0,24 | 0,667 |
| Entre as coxas | 25,46 | 0,65 | 3% | 23 | 26 | 50 | 0,18 | < 0,001 | |
| Sínfise púbica | 28,02 | 0,62 | 2% | 26 | 29 | 50 | 0,17 | < 0,001 | |
| Mesa do exame | 23,14 | 0,50 | 2% | 21 | 24 | 50 | 0,14 | < 0,001 | |
| Examinador 2 na única avaliação | Trocânter maior | 24,95 | 0,62 | 2% | 23 | 26 | 19 | 0,28 | 0,716 |
| Entre as coxas | 25,62 | 0,75 | 3% | 24 | 27 | 50 | 0,21 | < 0,001 | |
| Sínfise púbica | 27,98 | 0,65 | 2% | 26 | 29 | 50 | 0,18 | < 0,001 | |
| Mesa do exame | 23,36 | 0,53 | 2% | 22 | 24 | 50 | 0,15 | < 0,001 | |
Abreviações: mm, milímetro; CV, coeficiente de variação; IC, intervalo de confiança; n, amostra; Valor- p , significância.
Acurácia de 25 mm nas posições por avaliação
| Acurácia na posição | Examinador 1 na 1ª avaliação | Examinador 1 na 2ª avaliação | Examinador 2 | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n25 | Acurácia | n25 | Acurácia | n25 | Acurácia | n | |
|
| 13 | 68,4% | 14 | 73,7% | 15 | 78,9% | 19 |
|
| 23 | 46,0% | 22 | 44,0% | 15 | 30,0% | 50 |
|
| 0 | 0,0% | 0 | 0,0% | 0 | 0,0% | 50 |
|
| 0 | 0,0% | 0 | 0,0% | 0 | 0,0% | 50 |
Abreviações: n25, amostra com aferição exata de 25 milímetros; n, número de amostra.