PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness of Welch Allyn Spot Vision Screener in detecting refractive error in all age groups and amblyopia risk factors in children in a tribal district of India. METHODS: All participants received dry retinoscopy and photorefraction; children also received cycloplegic retinoscopy. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman and coefficient of determination (R2). RESULTS: Photoscreener could not elicit a response in 113 adults and 5 children of 580 recruited participants. In Bland-Altman analysis mean difference of Spot screener spherical equivalent (SSSE) and dry retinoscopy spherical equivalent (DRSE) was 0.32 diopters (D) in adults and 0.18 D in children; this was an overestimation of hyperopia and underestimation of myopia. In Bland-Altman analysis of SSSE and cycloplegic retinoscopy spherical equivalent (CRSE) the mean difference was -0.30 D in children; this was an overestimation of myopia and underestimation of hyperopia. In regression analysis the relationship between SSSE and DRSE was poor in adults (R2 = 0.50) and good in children (R2 = 0.92). Cubic regression model for Spot versus cycloretinoscopy in children was: CRSE = 0.34 + 0.85 SSSE - 0.01 SSSE2 + 0.006 SSSE3. It was 87% accurate. Sensitivity and specificity of Spot in detecting amblyopia risk factors (2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus [AAPOS] criteria) was 93.3% and 96.9% respectively. Sensitivity of Spot screener in detection of amblyopia was 72%. CONCLUSIONS: Photoscreener has 87% accuracy in refraction in children. Its value could be used for subjective correction tests. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Photoscreening could complement traditional retinoscopy to address refractive error in children in a resource-limited facility region.
PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness of Welch Allyn Spot Vision Screener in detecting refractive error in all age groups and amblyopia risk factors in children in a tribal district of India. METHODS: All participants received dry retinoscopy and photorefraction; children also received cycloplegic retinoscopy. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman and coefficient of determination (R2). RESULTS: Photoscreener could not elicit a response in 113 adults and 5 children of 580 recruited participants. In Bland-Altman analysis mean difference of Spot screener spherical equivalent (SSSE) and dry retinoscopy spherical equivalent (DRSE) was 0.32 diopters (D) in adults and 0.18 D in children; this was an overestimation of hyperopia and underestimation of myopia. In Bland-Altman analysis of SSSE and cycloplegic retinoscopy spherical equivalent (CRSE) the mean difference was -0.30 D in children; this was an overestimation of myopia and underestimation of hyperopia. In regression analysis the relationship between SSSE and DRSE was poor in adults (R2 = 0.50) and good in children (R2 = 0.92). Cubic regression model for Spot versus cycloretinoscopy in children was: CRSE = 0.34 + 0.85 SSSE - 0.01 SSSE2 + 0.006 SSSE3. It was 87% accurate. Sensitivity and specificity of Spot in detecting amblyopia risk factors (2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus [AAPOS] criteria) was 93.3% and 96.9% respectively. Sensitivity of Spot screener in detection of amblyopia was 72%. CONCLUSIONS: Photoscreener has 87% accuracy in refraction in children. Its value could be used for subjective correction tests. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Photoscreening could complement traditional retinoscopy to address refractive error in children in a resource-limited facility region.
Authors: David K Wallace; Michael X Repka; Katherine A Lee; Michele Melia; Stephen P Christiansen; Christie L Morse; Derek T Sprunger Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2017-11-04 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Ecosse L Lamoureux; Seang-Mei Saw; Julian Thumboo; Hwee Lin Wee; Tin Aung; Paul Mitchell; Tien Y Wong Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2009-06 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Sean P Donahue; Brian Arthur; Daniel E Neely; Robert W Arnold; David Silbert; James B Ruben Journal: J AAPOS Date: 2013-01-27 Impact factor: 1.220