Jill B De Vis1, Hanzhang Lu1, Harshan Ravi2, Jeroen Hendrikse3, Peiying Liu1. 1. Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2. Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the venous oxygenation and flow in the brain, and determine how they might change under challenged states. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight healthy human subjects (24-37 years) were studied. T2 -relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and phase-contrast MRI were performed to measure venous oxygenation and venous blood flow, respectively, in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), the straight sinus (SS), and the internal jugular veins (IJVs). Venous oxygenation was assessed at room air (0.03%CO2 , 21%O2 ) and under hyperoxia (O%CO2 , 95%O2 , and 5%N2 ) conditions. Venous blood flow was assessed at room air and under hypercapnia (5%CO2 , 21%O2 , and 74%N2 ) conditions. Whole-brain blood flow was also measured at the four feeding arteries of the brain using phase-contrast MRI. The changes in venous oxygenation and blood flow from room air to hyperoxia or hypercapnia conditions were tested using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Venous oxygenation in the SSS, the SS, and the IJVs was 61 ± 4%, 64 ± 4%, and 62 ± 4%, respectively, at room air, and increased to 70 ± 3% (P < 0.01 compared to room air), 71 ± 5% (P = 0.59), and 68 ± 5% (P < 0.05) under hyperoxic condition. The SSS, SS, and IJV drained 46 ± 9%, 16 ± 4%, and 79 ± 1% of whole-brain blood flow, respectively, and this flow distribution did not change under hypercapnic condition (P > 0.5). CONCLUSION: The results found in this study provide insight into the venous oxygenation and venous flow distribution and its heterogeneity among different venous structures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1091-1098.
PURPOSE: To investigate the venous oxygenation and flow in the brain, and determine how they might change under challenged states. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight healthy human subjects (24-37 years) were studied. T2 -relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and phase-contrast MRI were performed to measure venous oxygenation and venous blood flow, respectively, in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), the straight sinus (SS), and the internal jugular veins (IJVs). Venous oxygenation was assessed at room air (0.03%CO2 , 21%O2 ) and under hyperoxia (O%CO2 , 95%O2 , and 5%N2 ) conditions. Venous blood flow was assessed at room air and under hypercapnia (5%CO2 , 21%O2 , and 74%N2 ) conditions. Whole-brain blood flow was also measured at the four feeding arteries of the brain using phase-contrast MRI. The changes in venous oxygenation and blood flow from room air to hyperoxia or hypercapnia conditions were tested using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Venous oxygenation in the SSS, the SS, and the IJVs was 61 ± 4%, 64 ± 4%, and 62 ± 4%, respectively, at room air, and increased to 70 ± 3% (P < 0.01 compared to room air), 71 ± 5% (P = 0.59), and 68 ± 5% (P < 0.05) under hyperoxic condition. The SSS, SS, and IJV drained 46 ± 9%, 16 ± 4%, and 79 ± 1% of whole-brain blood flow, respectively, and this flow distribution did not change under hypercapnic condition (P > 0.5). CONCLUSION: The results found in this study provide insight into the venous oxygenation and venous flow distribution and its heterogeneity among different venous structures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1091-1098.
Authors: Florian Schuchardt; Laure Schroeder; Constantin Anastasopoulos; Michael Markl; Jochen Bäuerle; Anja Hennemuth; Johann Drexl; José M Valdueza; Irina Mader; Andreas Harloff Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2015-02-01 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Peiying Liu; Charlamaine Parkinson; Dengrong Jiang; Minhui Ouyang; Jill B De Vis; Frances J Northington; Aylin Tekes; Hao Huang; Thierry A G M Huisman; W Christopher Golden Journal: NMR Biomed Date: 2019-04-30 Impact factor: 4.044