3D radial sampling and 3D affine transform-based respiratory motion correction technique for free-breathing whole-heart coronary MRA with 100% imaging efficiency.

The navigator gating and slice tracking approach currently used for respiratory motion compensation during free-breathing coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has low imaging efficiency (typically 30-50%), resulting in long imaging times. In this work, a novel respiratory motion correction technique with 100% scan efficiency was developed for free-breathing whole-heart coronary MRA. The navigator signal was used as a reference respiratory signal to segment the data into six bins. 3D projection reconstruction k-space sampling was used for data acquisition and enabled reconstruction of low resolution images within each respiratory bin. The motion between bins was estimated by image registration with a 3D affine transform. The data from the different respiratory bins was retrospectively combined after motion correction to produce the final image. The proposed method was compared with a traditional navigator gating approach in nine healthy subjects. The proposed technique acquired whole-heart coronary MRA with 1.0 mm(3) isotropic spatial resolution in a scan time of 6.8 ± 0.9 min, compared with 16.2 ± 2.8 min for the navigator gating approach. The image quality scores, and length, diameter and sharpness of the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) were similar for both approaches (P > 0.05 for all), but the proposed technique reduced scan time by a factor of 2.5.