| Literature DB >> 32840663 |
C Dodt1, N Schneider2.
Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE: The COVID 19 pandemic led to a profound adaptation of the German healthcare system in preparation of a massive increase of SARS-CoV-2-associated diseases. While general practitioners care for COVID patients who are less severely ill, hospitals are focused on the care of severely ill COVID-19 patients. STANDARD TREATMENT: The role of emergency medicine (EM) is to rapidly detect the virus, to classify disease severity, and to initiate therapy. In addition, the flow of patients into the hospital must be directed in such a way that optimal care is provided without risk of infecting health care personnel and patients. Despite optimal intensive care treatment, the mortality of patients remains high if organ failure develops, especially in patients who are older or have pre-existing conditions. TREATMENT INNOVATIONS: Rapid diagnosis of patients with SARS-CoV‑2 infection together with assessment of disease severity and awareness of organ failure are the mainstays of emergency care. Intensive care is needed for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced organ failure, whereby lung failure in these patients requires differentiated ventilation therapies. DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is performed to diagnose SARS-CoV‑2 infection. Adjunctive diagnostic measures which enhance diagnostic specificity are lung ultrasound, x‑ray, and computed tomography of the lungs. This also allows categorization of the type of COVID-19 pneumonia. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: For early detection and appropriate treatment of SARS-CoV‑2 infection, PCR is needed. Adjunctive sonographic and radiological examinations allow the treatment of COVID-19 patients to be tailored according to the specific type of pneumonia.Entities:
Keywords: COVID-19 pneumonia; Organ failure; Pandemic; Respiration, artificial; SARS-CoV‑2
Mesh:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32840663 PMCID: PMC7445710 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00742-x
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Radiologe ISSN: 0033-832X Impact factor: 0.635
| Krankheitsphase | Pathophysiologie | Symptome | Handlungskonsequenz |
|---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 Frühe, lokale Infektion | Virusaufnahme durch Bindung am ACE-2-Rezeptor | Milde Klinik mit Fieber, Husten, allgemeine Infektsymptome insbesondere der oberen Luftwege | Quarantäne |
| Virusreplikation im Epithel | Diagnosesicherung | ||
| Lokale Entzündung | Ambulante Therapie | ||
| „Viral shedding“ | |||
Phase 2 Pulmonale Infektion | Virusreplikation und Entzündungsreaktion in den tiefen Atemwegen/Lunge | Fieber, Infektsymptome, Husten, Luftnot in Ruhe und/oder Belastung, Tachypnoe, Sättigungsabfall in Ruhe und/oder Belastung, radiologisch sichtbare Infiltrate | Meist stationäre Aufnahme |
| Endothelialitis | Isolierung | ||
| „Viral shedding“ | Ggf. Sauerstoff- und Lagerungstherapie | ||
| Überwachung | |||
| Behandlung der Komorbiditäten | |||
Phase 3 Systemische Entzündungsreaktion | Massive systemische Entzündungsreaktion | Intensivtherapie | |
| Multiorganbeteiligung | Lunge | ||
| Zytokinsturm | Niere | ||
| Virämie | Zentralnervensystem | ||
| Disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung | |||
Phase 4 Phase der Komplikationen | Komplikationen der Intensivtherapie und virusbedingte persistierende Schäden | Rehabilitation | |
| Critical-Illness-Neuropathie | |||
| Dialysepflicht | |||
| Respiratorische Insuffizienz bis hin zur chronischen Beatmungspflicht | |||
| Kardiomyopathie | |||
| … |
ACE Angiotensin-konvertierendes Enzym


