Marcel Reymus1, Rosalie Fabritius2, Andreas Keßler3, Reinhard Hickel3, Daniel Edelhoff2, Bogna Stawarczyk2. 1. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. mreymus@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de. 2. Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany. 3. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of 3D print material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging on fracture load of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-unit FDPs were 3D-printed using experimental resin (EXP), NextDent C&B (CB), Freeprint temp (FT), and 3Delta temp (DT). In the first part, the impacts of build direction and artificial aging were tested. FDPs were manufactured with their long-axis positioned either occlusal, buccal, or distal to the printer's platform. Fracture load was measured after artificial aging (H2O: 21 days, 37 °C). In the second part, the impact of post-curing was tested. FDPs were post-cured using Labolight DUO, Otoflash G171, and LC-3DPrint Box. While the positive control group was milled from TelioCAD (TC), the negative control group was fabricated from a conventional interim material Luxatemp (LT). The measured initial fracture loads were compared with those after artificial aging. Each subgroup contained 15 specimens. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé post hoc test, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). The univariate ANOVA with partial eta squared (ηP2) was used to analyze the impact of test parameters on fracture load. RESULTS: Specimens manufactured with their long-axis positioned distal to the printer's platform showed higher fracture load than occlusal ones (p = 0.049). The highest values were observed for CB, followed by DT (p < 0.001). EXP showed the lowest values, followed by FT (p < 0.001). After artificial aging, a decrease of fracture load for EXP (p < 0.001) and DT (p < 0.001) was observed. The highest impact on values was exerted by interactions between 3D print material and post-curing unit (ηP2 = 0.233, p < 0.001), followed by the 3D print material (ηP2 = 0.219, p < 0.001) and curing device (ηP2 = 0.108, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Build direction, post-curing, artificial aging, and material have an impact on the mechanical stability of printed FDPs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The correct post-curing strategy is mandatory to ensure mechanical stability of 3D-printed FDPs. Additively manufactured FDPs are more prone to artificial aging than conventionally fabricated ones.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of 3D print material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging on fracture load of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-unit FDPs were 3D-printed using experimental resin (EXP), NextDent C&B (CB), Freeprint temp (FT), and 3Delta temp (DT). In the first part, the impacts of build direction and artificial aging were tested. FDPs were manufactured with their long-axis positioned either occlusal, buccal, or distal to the printer's platform. Fracture load was measured after artificial aging (H2O: 21 days, 37 °C). In the second part, the impact of post-curing was tested. FDPs were post-cured using Labolight DUO, Otoflash G171, and LC-3DPrint Box. While the positive control group was milled from TelioCAD (TC), the negative control group was fabricated from a conventional interim material Luxatemp (LT). The measured initial fracture loads were compared with those after artificial aging. Each subgroup contained 15 specimens. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé post hoc test, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). The univariate ANOVA with partial eta squared (ηP2) was used to analyze the impact of test parameters on fracture load. RESULTS: Specimens manufactured with their long-axis positioned distal to the printer's platform showed higher fracture load than occlusal ones (p = 0.049). The highest values were observed for CB, followed by DT (p < 0.001). EXP showed the lowest values, followed by FT (p < 0.001). After artificial aging, a decrease of fracture load for EXP (p < 0.001) and DT (p < 0.001) was observed. The highest impact on values was exerted by interactions between 3D print material and post-curing unit (ηP2 = 0.233, p < 0.001), followed by the 3D print material (ηP2 = 0.219, p < 0.001) and curing device (ηP2 = 0.108, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Build direction, post-curing, artificial aging, and material have an impact on the mechanical stability of printed FDPs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The correct post-curing strategy is mandatory to ensure mechanical stability of 3D-printed FDPs. Additively manufactured FDPs are more prone to artificial aging than conventionally fabricated ones.
Entities:
Keywords:
3D printing; Artificial aging; Build direction; Fracture load; Post-curing
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