Honglei Chen1, Srishti Shrestha2, Xuemei Huang2, Samay Jain2, Xuguang Guo2, Gregory J Tranah2, Melissa E Garcia2, Suzanne Satterfield2, Caroline Phillips2, Tamara B Harris2. 1. From the Epidemiology Branch (H.C., S. Shrestha), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.C.), College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey; Department of Neurology (S.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Westat Inc. (X.G.), Durham, NC; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.J.T.), San Francisco; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry (M.E.G., C.P., T.B.H.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S. Satterfield), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis. M.E.G. is currently affiliated with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD. hchen@epi.msu.edu. 2. From the Epidemiology Branch (H.C., S. Shrestha), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (H.C.), College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing; Department of Neurology (X.H.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey; Department of Neurology (S.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Westat Inc. (X.G.), Durham, NC; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.J.T.), San Francisco; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry (M.E.G., C.P., T.B.H.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Preventive Medicine (S. Satterfield), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis. M.E.G. is currently affiliated with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate olfaction in relation to incident Parkinson disease (PD) in US white and black older adults. METHODS: The study included 1,510 white (mean age 75.6 years) and 952 black (75.4 years) participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. We evaluated the olfaction of study participants with the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) in 1999-2000. We retrospectively adjudicated PD cases identified through August 31, 2012, using multiple data sources. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During an average of 9.8 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 42 incident PD cases, including 30 white and 12 black participants. Overall, poor sense of smell, as indicated by a lower BSIT score, was associated with higher risk of PD. Compared with the highest tertile of BSIT (t3), the HR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.5-3.6) for the second tertile (t2) and 4.8 (95% CI 2.0-11.2) for the lowest tertile (t1) (ptrend < 0.00001). Further analyses revealed significant associations for incident PD in both the first 5 years of follow-up (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.2, 95% CI 1.7-10.8) and thereafter (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.1, 95% CI 1.7-9.8). This association appeared to be stronger in white (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.9, 95% CI 2.3-10.5) than in black participants (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.5, 95% CI 0.8-8.1), and in men (HRt1/[t2+t3] 5.4, 95% CI 2.3-12.9) than in women (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8). CONCLUSIONS: Poor olfaction predicts PD in short and intermediate terms; the possibility of stronger associations among men and white participants warrants further investigation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate olfaction in relation to incident Parkinson disease (PD) in US white and black older adults. METHODS: The study included 1,510 white (mean age 75.6 years) and 952 black (75.4 years) participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. We evaluated the olfaction of study participants with the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) in 1999-2000. We retrospectively adjudicated PD cases identified through August 31, 2012, using multiple data sources. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During an average of 9.8 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 42 incident PD cases, including 30 white and 12 black participants. Overall, poor sense of smell, as indicated by a lower BSIT score, was associated with higher risk of PD. Compared with the highest tertile of BSIT (t3), the HR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.5-3.6) for the second tertile (t2) and 4.8 (95% CI 2.0-11.2) for the lowest tertile (t1) (ptrend < 0.00001). Further analyses revealed significant associations for incident PD in both the first 5 years of follow-up (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.2, 95% CI 1.7-10.8) and thereafter (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.1, 95% CI 1.7-9.8). This association appeared to be stronger in white (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.9, 95% CI 2.3-10.5) than in black participants (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.5, 95% CI 0.8-8.1), and in men (HRt1/[t2+t3] 5.4, 95% CI 2.3-12.9) than in women (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8). CONCLUSIONS: Poor olfaction predicts PD in short and intermediate terms; the possibility of stronger associations among men and white participants warrants further investigation.
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