The role of adipokines in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The reported prevalence of GDM varies between 0.6% and 20% of pregnancies depending on screening method, gestational age and the population studied. GDM is characterized by pancreatic β-cell function that is insufficient to meet the body's insulin needs. Available evidence suggests that β-cell defects in GDM result from the same spectrum of causes that underline hyperglycemia in general, including autoimmune disease, monogenic causes and insulin resistance. Adipokines are proteins secreted from the adipocytes and are believed to have a metabolic influence. Our review suggests that, in GDM, various adipokines, mainly leptin and adiponectin, are dysregulated. These two adipokines might have both prognostic and pathophysiological significance in this disease.