Mary Foong-Fong Chong1, Ai-Ru Chia2, Marjorelee Colega2, Mya-Thway Tint3, Izzuddin M Aris4, Yap-Seng Chong5, Peter Gluckman6, Keith M Godfrey7, Kenneth Kwek8, Seang-Mei Saw9, Fabian Yap10, Rob M van Dam11, Yung Seng Lee12. 1. Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, and Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, and mary_chong@sics.a-star.edu.sg. 2. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore; 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 4. Department of Paediatrics, and. 5. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 6. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 7. Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; 8. Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine and. 9. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; 10. Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Kandang Kerbau Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; and. 11. Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; 12. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maternal diet during pregnancy can influence fetal growth. However, the relation between maternal macronutrient intake and birth size outcomes is less clear. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations between maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy and infant birth size. METHODS: Pregnant women (n = 835) from the Singapore GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) mother-offspring cohort were studied. At 26-28 wk of gestation, the macronutrient intake of women was ascertained with the use of 24 h dietary recalls and 3 d food diaries. Weight, length, and ponderal index of their offspring were measured at birth. Associations were assessed by substitution models with the use of multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: Mean ± SD maternal energy intake and percentage energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates per day were 1903 ± 576 kcal, 15.6% ± 3.9%, 32.7% ± 7.5%, and 51.6% ± 8.7% respectively. With the use of adjusted models, no associations were observed for maternal macronutrient intake and birth weight. In male offspring, higher carbohydrate or fat intake with lower protein intake was associated with longer birth length (β = 0.08 cm per percentage increment in carbohydrate; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.13; β = 0.08 cm per percentage increment in fat; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13) and lower ponderal index (β = -0.12 kg/m(3) per percentage increment in carbohydrate; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05; β = -0.08 kg/m(3) per percentage increment in fat; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.003), but this was not observed in female offspring (P-interaction < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy was not associated with infant birth weight. Lower maternal protein intake was significantly associated with longer birth length and lower ponderal index in male but not female offspring. However, this finding warrants further confirmation in independent studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
BACKGROUND: Maternal diet during pregnancy can influence fetal growth. However, the relation between maternal macronutrient intake and birth size outcomes is less clear. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations between maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy and infant birth size. METHODS: Pregnant women (n = 835) from the Singapore GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) mother-offspring cohort were studied. At 26-28 wk of gestation, the macronutrient intake of women was ascertained with the use of 24 h dietary recalls and 3 d food diaries. Weight, length, and ponderal index of their offspring were measured at birth. Associations were assessed by substitution models with the use of multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: Mean ± SD maternal energy intake and percentage energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates per day were 1903 ± 576 kcal, 15.6% ± 3.9%, 32.7% ± 7.5%, and 51.6% ± 8.7% respectively. With the use of adjusted models, no associations were observed for maternal macronutrient intake and birth weight. In male offspring, higher carbohydrate or fat intake with lower protein intake was associated with longer birth length (β = 0.08 cm per percentage increment in carbohydrate; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.13; β = 0.08 cm per percentage increment in fat; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13) and lower ponderal index (β = -0.12 kg/m(3) per percentage increment in carbohydrate; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05; β = -0.08 kg/m(3) per percentage increment in fat; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.003), but this was not observed in female offspring (P-interaction < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy was not associated with infant birth weight. Lower maternal protein intake was significantly associated with longer birth length and lower ponderal index in male but not female offspring. However, this finding warrants further confirmation in independent studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Authors: Kendall J Arslanian; Ulai T Fidow; Theresa Atanoa; Take Naseri; Rachel L Duckham; Stephen T McGarvey; Courtney Choy; Nicola L Hawley Journal: Ann Hum Biol Date: 2020-10-18 Impact factor: 1.533
Authors: Yu Qi Lee; Marjorelee Colega; Ray Sugianto; Jun Shi Lai; Keith M Godfrey; Kok Hian Tan; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek; See Ling Loy; Falk Müller-Riemenschneider; Natarajan Padmapriya; Yap Seng Chong; Johan Gunnar Eriksson; Jerry Kok Yen Chan; Shiao-Yng Chan; Bee Choo Tai; Mary Foong-Fong Chong Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2021-10-23 Impact factor: 4.865
Authors: Ray Sugianto; Mei Jun Chan; Shu Fang Wong; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek; Kok Hian Tan; Yap Seng Chong; Keith M Godfrey; Bee Choo Tai; Mary Foong-Fong Chong Journal: J Acad Nutr Diet Date: 2019-12-19 Impact factor: 4.910
Authors: Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo; Lynn Ong; Anne Goh; Ai-Ru Chia; Oon Hoe Teoh; Marjorelee T Colega; Yiong Huak Chan; Seang Mei Saw; Kenneth Kwek; Peter D Gluckman; Keith M Godfrey; Hugo Van Bever; Bee Wah Lee; Yap Seng Chong; Mary Foong-Fong Chong; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek Journal: Int Arch Allergy Immunol Date: 2017-06-28 Impact factor: 2.749
Authors: Ling-Wei Chen; Mya-Thway Tint; Marielle V Fortier; Izzuddin M Aris; Jonathan Y Bernard; Marjorelee Colega; Peter D Gluckman; Seang-Mei Saw; Yap-Seng Chong; Fabian Yap; Keith M Godfrey; Michael S Kramer; Rob M van Dam; Mary Foong-Fong Chong; Yung Seng Lee Journal: J Nutr Date: 2016-07-06 Impact factor: 4.798