Wei Wei Pang1, Marjorelee Colega2, Shirong Cai1, Yiong Huak Chan3, Natarajan Padmapriya1, Ling-Wei Chen4, Shu-E Soh2, Wee Meng Han5, Kok Hian Tan6, Yung Seng Lee4,7,2, Seang-Mei Saw8, Peter D Gluckman2,9, Keith M Godfrey10,11, Yap-Seng Chong1,2, Rob M van Dam12,8, Mary Ff Chong13,2. 1. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore. 3. Biostatistics. 4. Paediatrics, and. 5. Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics and. 6. Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 7. Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute. 8. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. 9. Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 10. Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, United Kingdom; and. 11. National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom. 12. Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, rob.van.dam@nus.edu.sg ephmcff@nus.edu.sg. 13. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; rob.van.dam@nus.edu.sg ephmcff@nus.edu.sg.
Abstract
Background: Dietary protein may affect glucose metabolism through several mechanisms, but results from studies on dietary protein intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been inconsistent.Objective: We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary protein intake from different food sources during pregnancy with the risk of GDM in a multiethnic Asian population. Methods: We included 980 participants with singleton pregnancies from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Protein intake was ascertained from 24-h dietary recall and 3-d food diaries at 26-28 wk gestation. GDM was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or 2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L at 26-28 wk gestation. We evaluated the association of dietary protein intake with GDM risk by substituting carbohydrate with protein in an isocaloric model with the use of multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 17.9% among our participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher total dietary protein intake was associated with a higher risk of GDM; the OR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of intake was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.62; P-trend = 0.016). Higher intake levels of both animal protein (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.20; P-trend = 0.001) and vegetable protein (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.99, 3.20; P-trend = 0.009) were associated with a higher risk of GDM. Among the animal protein sources, higher intake levels of seafood protein (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.72; P-trend = 0.023) and dairy protein (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.15; P-trend = 0.017) were significantly associated with a higher GDM risk. Conclusion: Higher intake levels of both animal and vegetable protein were associated with a higher risk of GDM in Asian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Background: Dietary protein may affect glucose metabolism through several mechanisms, but results from studies on dietary protein intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been inconsistent.Objective: We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary protein intake from different food sources during pregnancy with the risk of GDM in a multiethnic Asian population. Methods: We included 980 participants with singleton pregnancies from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Protein intake was ascertained from 24-h dietary recall and 3-d food diaries at 26-28 wk gestation. GDM was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or 2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L at 26-28 wk gestation. We evaluated the association of dietary protein intake with GDM risk by substituting carbohydrate with protein in an isocaloric model with the use of multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 17.9% among our participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher total dietary protein intake was associated with a higher risk of GDM; the OR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of intake was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.62; P-trend = 0.016). Higher intake levels of both animal protein (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.20; P-trend = 0.001) and vegetable protein (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.99, 3.20; P-trend = 0.009) were associated with a higher risk of GDM. Among the animal protein sources, higher intake levels of seafood protein (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.72; P-trend = 0.023) and dairy protein (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.15; P-trend = 0.017) were significantly associated with a higher GDM risk. Conclusion: Higher intake levels of both animal and vegetable protein were associated with a higher risk of GDM in Asian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Authors: Lieke Gijsbers; Eric L Ding; Vasanti S Malik; Janette de Goede; Johanna M Geleijnse; Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2016-02-24 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Manas Kaushik; Dariush Mozaffarian; Donna Spiegelman; JoAnn E Manson; Walter C Willett; Frank B Hu Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2009-07-22 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Jenny S Radesky; Emily Oken; Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman; Ken P Kleinman; Janet W Rich-Edwards; Matthew W Gillman Journal: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 3.980
Authors: Mary Foong-Fong Chong; Ai-Ru Chia; Marjorelee Colega; Mya-Thway Tint; Izzuddin M Aris; Yap-Seng Chong; Peter Gluckman; Keith M Godfrey; Kenneth Kwek; Seang-Mei Saw; Fabian Yap; Rob M van Dam; Yung Seng Lee Journal: J Nutr Date: 2015-05-06 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Mu Chen; Qi Sun; Edward Giovannucci; Dariush Mozaffarian; JoAnn E Manson; Walter C Willett; Frank B Hu Journal: BMC Med Date: 2014-11-25 Impact factor: 8.775
Authors: Jasmine F Plows; Clare M Reynolds; Mark H Vickers; Philip N Baker; Joanna L Stanley Journal: Curr Diab Rep Date: 2019-08-01 Impact factor: 4.810
Authors: Brittany R Allman; Eva Diaz Fuentes; D Keith Williams; Donald E Turner; Aline Andres; Elisabet Børsheim Journal: Nutrients Date: 2019-09-11 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Thubasni Kunasegaran; Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam; Valliammai Jayanthi Thirunavuk Arasoo; Uma Devi Palanisamy; Amutha Ramadas Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-31 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Jasmine F Plows; Joanna L Stanley; Philip N Baker; Clare M Reynolds; Mark H Vickers Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2018-10-26 Impact factor: 5.923