Kendall J Arslanian1, Ulai T Fidow2, Theresa Atanoa3, Take Naseri4, Rachel L Duckham5,6, Stephen T McGarvey7, Courtney Choy8, Nicola L Hawley9. 1. Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. 2. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Samoa National Health Services, Apia, Samoa. 3. Community Studies Program, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. 4. Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa. 5. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. 6. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Medicine, St. Albans, Australia. 7. Departments of Epidemiology and Anthropology, International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA. 9. Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy dietary intake may be associated with newborn body composition, a predictor of future obesity. In Samoa, an energy-dense diet contributes to an alarming prevalence of adult obesity. Identifying associations between pregnancy nutrition and infant body composition in this setting may guide strategies to mitigate intergenerational transmission of obesity risk. AIM: To examine dietary macro- and micronutrient intake of Samoan women during the third trimester of pregnancy and associations with infant body composition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: At 34-41 weeks of gestation, we measured dietary intake from the prior month using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured infant body composition at 1-14 days. We used multivariable linear regression models accounting for confounders to identify independent effects of nutrient intake on infant body composition. RESULTS: After adjusting for maternal body mass index, age, gravidity, infant age, and sex, a respective 0.2 g increase and 0.2 g decrease in infant bone mass was associated with fibre and saturated fat intake. Increased protein intake was associated with 0.02 g decrease in bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: While maternal dietary intake was not associated with infant adiposity or lean mass, we observed an effect on bone mass whose role in regulating metabolic health is overlooked.
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy dietary intake may be associated with newborn body composition, a predictor of future obesity. In Samoa, an energy-dense diet contributes to an alarming prevalence of adult obesity. Identifying associations between pregnancy nutrition and infant body composition in this setting may guide strategies to mitigate intergenerational transmission of obesity risk. AIM: To examine dietary macro- and micronutrient intake of Samoan women during the third trimester of pregnancy and associations with infant body composition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: At 34-41 weeks of gestation, we measured dietary intake from the prior month using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured infant body composition at 1-14 days. We used multivariable linear regression models accounting for confounders to identify independent effects of nutrient intake on infant body composition. RESULTS: After adjusting for maternal body mass index, age, gravidity, infant age, and sex, a respective 0.2 g increase and 0.2 g decrease in infant bone mass was associated with fibre and saturated fat intake. Increased protein intake was associated with 0.02 g decrease in bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: While maternal dietary intake was not associated with infant adiposity or lean mass, we observed an effect on bone mass whose role in regulating metabolic health is overlooked.
Entities:
Keywords:
Body composition; dietary intake; dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); low and middle income countries; pregnancy
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