Yu Qi Lee1, Marjorelee Colega2, Ray Sugianto3, Jun Shi Lai2, Keith M Godfrey4, Kok Hian Tan5,6, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek2,7, See Ling Loy6,8, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider3,9, Natarajan Padmapriya3,10, Yap Seng Chong2,10, Johan Gunnar Eriksson2,10,11,12, Jerry Kok Yen Chan6,8, Shiao-Yng Chan2,10, Bee Choo Tai3, Mary Foong-Fong Chong3,2. 1. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #09-01Q, Singapore, 117549, Singapore. ephlyq@nus.edu.sg. 2. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore. 3. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #09-01Q, Singapore, 117549, Singapore. 4. Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. 5. Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore. 6. Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. 7. Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. 8. Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore. 9. Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany. 10. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, 117597, Singapore. 11. Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250, Helsinki, Finland. 12. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Few studies have described adherence to dietary patterns over time in women of childbearing age. This study aims to describe, examine the stability and changes in dietary patterns between pregnancy and 6 years post-pregnancy and the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors influencing the adherence over time. METHODS: During pregnancy and at 6 years post-pregnancy, 24-h recalls and food frequency questionnaires were collected, respectively, from 709 women. Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were collected via questionnaires. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis and stability assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and Cohen's weighted kappa (κ). Associations with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The 'Fruits, Vegetables and Legumes' (FVL) and 'Seafood, Noodle, Soup' (SNS) patterns were identified at both time points, with low correlation for the dietary pattern z scores (r 0.2 and 0.3, respectively) and modest agreement in tertile assignment, suggesting poor stability. An 'unhealthy' pattern was only observed at 6 years post-pregnancy. Women who showed increased adherence to FVL pattern had higher educational attainment and exhibited healthy lifestyle behaviours. Women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy were less likely to decrease adherence to FVL pattern over time. Women who adhered more closely to the 'unhealthy' pattern at 6 years post-pregnancy tended to be younger, of Malay ethnicity, had lower socioeconomic status, were less physically active and had additional pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits of women became less healthy during the transition from pregnancy to 6 years post-pregnancy. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the different dietary assessment tools used at the two time points.
PURPOSE: Few studies have described adherence to dietary patterns over time in women of childbearing age. This study aims to describe, examine the stability and changes in dietary patterns between pregnancy and 6 years post-pregnancy and the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors influencing the adherence over time. METHODS: During pregnancy and at 6 years post-pregnancy, 24-h recalls and food frequency questionnaires were collected, respectively, from 709 women. Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were collected via questionnaires. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis and stability assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and Cohen's weighted kappa (κ). Associations with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The 'Fruits, Vegetables and Legumes' (FVL) and 'Seafood, Noodle, Soup' (SNS) patterns were identified at both time points, with low correlation for the dietary pattern z scores (r 0.2 and 0.3, respectively) and modest agreement in tertile assignment, suggesting poor stability. An 'unhealthy' pattern was only observed at 6 years post-pregnancy. Women who showed increased adherence to FVL pattern had higher educational attainment and exhibited healthy lifestyle behaviours. Women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy were less likely to decrease adherence to FVL pattern over time. Women who adhered more closely to the 'unhealthy' pattern at 6 years post-pregnancy tended to be younger, of Malay ethnicity, had lower socioeconomic status, were less physically active and had additional pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits of women became less healthy during the transition from pregnancy to 6 years post-pregnancy. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the different dietary assessment tools used at the two time points.
Authors: Heidi P Fransen; Anne M May; Martin D Stricker; Jolanda M A Boer; Christian Hennig; Yves Rosseel; Marga C Ocké; Petra H M Peeters; Joline W J Beulens Journal: J Nutr Date: 2014-05-28 Impact factor: 4.798
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Authors: Rachel Pechey; Susan A Jebb; Michael P Kelly; Eva Almiron-Roig; Susana Conde; Ryota Nakamura; Ian Shemilt; Marc Suhrcke; Theresa M Marteau Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2013-06-03 Impact factor: 4.634