Statistical analysis and quality control in radioimmunoassays for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C.

The objective of these studies was to set up a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C (SEA, SEB, and SEC) in a food system. Significant differences (95% confidence limits) were obtained between the 0- and 1-ng/ml enterotoxin standards, so the sensitivity of the RIAs was 1 ng/ml. Polystyrene tubes coated with anti-SEB and stored at 4 degrees C were unstable. The percentage of iodinated SEB bound to these tubes decreased at a rate of 0.33%/day, in contrast to the rate of 0.07%/day obtained with tubes prepared the day before the analyses. Satisfactory precision and maximum sensitivity were obtained by using six replicates for each sample and freshly coated tubes. The antisera used for coating the tubes were reused four times and were frozen between coatings. The process of drum drying mashed potatoes containing 1 mug of SEB per g of mashed potatoes inactivated 83% (wt/wt) of the SEB. Statistical quality control parameters were used to insure that RIAs were performing reliably with a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml. Over 450 samples of potato flakes and granules, which represented different production lots from 12 different manufacturers, were examined for SEA, SEB, and SEC. No enterotoxins were detected.