| Literature DB >> 34644788 |
Allan Kardec Nogueira de Alencar1, Hao Wang2,3, Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira4, Xuming Sun2, Gisele Zapata-Sudo5,6, Leanne Groban2,3.
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) increases significantly in postmenopausal women. Although obesity is a risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), the mechanisms that link the cessation of ovarian hormone production, and particularly estrogens, to the development of obesity, LVDD, and HFpEF in aging females are unclear. Clinical, and epidemiologic studies show that postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity (defined by waist circumference) are at greater risk for developing HFpEF than men or women without abdominal obesity. The study presents a review of clinical data that support a mechanistic link between estrogen loss plus obesity and left ventricular remodeling with LVDD. It also seeks to discuss potential cell and molecular mechanisms for estrogen-mediated protection against adverse adipocyte cell types, tissue depots, function, and metabolism that may contribute to LVDD and HFpEF.Entities:
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Year: 2021 PMID: 34644788 PMCID: PMC8757160 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200855
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.000
Figura 1– Diagrama esquemático mostrando o envolvimento de perda de estrogênio e obesidade na ICFEP. Uma expansão e mudança de gordura subcutânea para visceral ocorre em mulheres após a menopausa. A obesidade abdominal, definida pelo aumento da circunferência de cintura, é um grande fator de risco de desenvolvimento de ICFEP, que pode envolver uma tendência de aumento na síntese e na liberação de adipocinas, incluindo TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, resistina, leptina, lipocalina-2, e inibidor do ativador de plasminogênio-1. Essas adipocinas têm funções críticas em inflamação cardíaca, stress oxidativo, e disfunção metabólica. Por outro lado, a produção de adiponectina de adipócitos brancos, que tem efeitos benéficos na sensibilidade à insulina e função cardiovascular, é notadamente reduzida em indivíduos obesos. Anormalidades em adipocinas, além da perda de estrogênio, podem participar do desenvolvimento de ICFEP, induzindo a inflamação cardíaca e o stress oxidativo, e levando à hipertrofia cardíaca concêntrica, Remodelamento, rigidez, e disfunção diastólica. ICFEP, insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada; TNF-α, fator de necrose tumoral alfa; IL-6, interleucina 6; MCP-1, proteína quimiotática de monócitos; A-FABP, proteína transportadora de ácidos graxos de adipócitos.
Figure 1– A schematic diagram showing the involvement of estrogen loss and obesity in HFpEF. An expansion and a shift of subcutaneous to visceral fat occurs in women after menopause. Abdominal obesity, defined by increased waist circumference, is a major risk factor for the development of HFpEF, which may involve an uptick in the synthesis and release of adipokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, resistin, leptin, lipocalin-2, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. These adipokines play critical roles in cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired metabolism. On the other hand, the production of adiponectin from white adipocytes, which exerts beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, is markedly reduced in obese individuals. Abnormalities in adipokines, in addition to estrogen loss, might participate in the development of HFpEF by inducing cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, and finally leading to concentric cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction. HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6, interleukin 6; MCP- 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein; A-FABP, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein .