| Literature DB >> 34181061 |
B Seitz1, L Daas2, L Hamon2, K Xanthopoulou2, S Goebels2, C Spira-Eppig2, S Razafimino2, N Szentmáry3, A Langenbucher4, E Flockerzi2.
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive cone-shaped corneal protrusion that causes paracentral thinning at the apex of the cone and typically occurs asymmetrically on both sides. After a careful anamnesis and classification of the degree of severity a targeted treatment appropriate to the stage of the disease is available. If the visual acuity is no longer sufficient, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (CL) are fitted by a specialist. Riboflavin UVA cross-linking (CXL) is recommended in cases of progression and visual acuity that is still useful for the patient. Intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) are indicated for CL intolerance in cases of reduced visual acuity and a clear central cornea. If the stage is more advanced, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) or penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is recommended. A PKP is contraindicated in acute KC but deep stromal sutures for readaptation of the Descemet tear with gas filling of the anterior chamber can considerably shorten the course. Almost no other eye disease is nowadays as easily accessible for an early instrument-based diagnosis and stage-appropriate treatment as KC.Entities:
Keywords: ABCD grading system; Contact lenses; Deep lamellar keratoplasty; Intracorneal ring segments; Penetrating keratoplasty; Riboflavin UVA cross-linking
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34181061 PMCID: PMC8492599 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01410-8
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Ophthalmologe ISSN: 0941-293X Impact factor: 1.174




| ABCD-Kriterien | A | B | C | D | Stadiengerechte Therapie | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vorderflächenkrümmung (3-mm-Zone) | Rückflächenkrümmung (3-mm-Zone) | Dünnste Pachymetrie | Bestkorrigierter Brillenvisus | Vernarbung | ||
| Stadium 0 | > 7,25 mm (< 46,5 dpt) | > 5,90 mm (< 57,25 dpt) | > 490 µm | ≥ 20/20 (≥ 1,0) | − | |
| Stadium I | > 7,05 mm (< 48,0 dpt) | > 5,70 mm (< 59,25 dpt) | > 450 µm | < 20/20 (< 1,0) | −, +, ++ | |
| Stadium II | > 6,35 mm (< 53,0 dpt) | > 5,15 mm (< 65,5 dpt) | > 400 µm | < 20/40 (< 0,5) | −, +, ++ | |
| Stadium III | > 6,15 mm (< 55,0 dpt) | > 4,95 mm (< 68,5 dpt) | > 300 µm | < 20/100 (< 0,2) | −, +, ++ | |
| Stadium IV | ≤ 6,15 mm (≥ 55,0 dpt) | ≤ 4,95 mm (≥ 68,5 dpt) | ≤ 300 µm | < 20/400 (< 0,05) | −, +, ++ | |
KL Kontaktlinsen, CXL Crosslinking, ICRS intrakorneale Ringsegmente, DALK „deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty“, PKP perforierende Keratoplastik, KS-Plastik Korneoskleralplastik











| Lasertyp | Excimer | Femtosekunden |
|---|---|---|
| „Umständliche Prozedur“ | + | − − |
| Zentrierung | + + + | + |
| Vermeidung von Deformierung und Kompression | + + + | − − − |
| Hoher IOD während der Laseraktion | + + + | − |
| Minimierung der Schnittkomplettierung mit Schere | (+) | + + |
| Eindeutige Lokalisation der ersten 8 Situationsnähte | + + + | + |
| Stabile Vorderkammer während der Naht | + + | + + + |
| Möglichkeit einer doppelt fortlaufenden Naht | + + + | + + + |
| Keine Notwendigkeit zusätzlicher EKN | + + + | + |
| Möglichkeit der Trepanation bei instabiler Kornea | + + + | − − − |
+ + + sehr gut, − − − sehr schlecht, IOD intraokularer Druck, EKN Einzelknüpfnaht
| Parameter | Operation |
|---|---|
| Expulsive Blutung | DALK ≪ PKP |
| Endothelzellverlust | DALK < PKP |
| Immunreaktionen | DALK ≪ PKP |
| Wundstabilität | DALK > PKP |
| Astigmatismus | DALK = PKP |
| Fadenlockerung | DALK > PKP |
| Stromale Vaskularisation | DALK > PKP |
| Operationsdauer | DALK ≫ PKP |
| Akuter Keratokonus | DALK ⋘ PKP |
