Dotun Ogunyemi1. 1. is Chief Diversity Officer and Professor of Medical Education, Obstetrics & Gynecology, California University of Science and Medicine, and Designated Institutional Official and Associate Chief Medical Officer, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Unconscious or implicit biases are universal and detrimental to health care and the learning environment but can be corrected. Historical interventions used the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which may have limitations. OBJECTIVE: We determined the efficacy of an implicit bias training without using the IAT. METHODS: From April 2019 to June 2020, a 90-minute educational workshop was attended by students, residents, and faculty. The curriculum included an interactive unconscious biases presentation, videoclips using vignettes to demonstrate workplace impact of unconscious biases with strategies to counter, and reflective group discussions. The evaluation included pre- and postintervention surveys. Participants were shown images of 5 individuals and recorded first impressions regarding trustworthiness and presumed profession to unmask implicit bias. RESULTS: Of approximately 273 participants, 181 were given the survey, of which 103 (57%) completed it with significant increases from pre- to postintervention assessments for perception scores (28.87 [SEM 0.585] vs 32.73 [0.576], P < .001) and knowledge scores (5.68 [0.191] vs 7.22 [0.157], P < .001). For a White male physician covered in tattoos, only 2% correctly identified him as a physician, and 60% felt he was untrustworthy. For a smiling Black female astronaut, only 13% correctly identified her as an astronaut. For a brooding White male serial killer, 50% found him trustworthy. CONCLUSIONS: An interactive unconscious bias workshop, performed without the use of an IAT, was associated with increases in perceptions and knowledge regarding implicit biases. The findings also confirmed inaccurate first impression stereotypical assumptions based on ethnicity, outward appearances, couture, and media influences.
BACKGROUND: Unconscious or implicit biases are universal and detrimental to health care and the learning environment but can be corrected. Historical interventions used the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which may have limitations. OBJECTIVE: We determined the efficacy of an implicit bias training without using the IAT. METHODS: From April 2019 to June 2020, a 90-minute educational workshop was attended by students, residents, and faculty. The curriculum included an interactive unconscious biases presentation, videoclips using vignettes to demonstrate workplace impact of unconscious biases with strategies to counter, and reflective group discussions. The evaluation included pre- and postintervention surveys. Participants were shown images of 5 individuals and recorded first impressions regarding trustworthiness and presumed profession to unmask implicit bias. RESULTS: Of approximately 273 participants, 181 were given the survey, of which 103 (57%) completed it with significant increases from pre- to postintervention assessments for perception scores (28.87 [SEM 0.585] vs 32.73 [0.576], P < .001) and knowledge scores (5.68 [0.191] vs 7.22 [0.157], P < .001). For a White male physician covered in tattoos, only 2% correctly identified him as a physician, and 60% felt he was untrustworthy. For a smiling Black female astronaut, only 13% correctly identified her as an astronaut. For a brooding White male serial killer, 50% found him trustworthy. CONCLUSIONS: An interactive unconscious bias workshop, performed without the use of an IAT, was associated with increases in perceptions and knowledge regarding implicit biases. The findings also confirmed inaccurate first impression stereotypical assumptions based on ethnicity, outward appearances, couture, and media influences.
Authors: Adil H Haider; Janel Sexton; N Sriram; Lisa A Cooper; David T Efron; Sandra Swoboda; Cassandra V Villegas; Elliott R Haut; Morgan Bonds; Peter J Pronovost; Pamela A Lipsett; Julie A Freischlag; Edward E Cornwell Journal: JAMA Date: 2011-09-07 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Irene V Blair; John F Steiner; Diane L Fairclough; Rebecca Hanratty; David W Price; Holen K Hirsh; Leslie A Wright; Michael Bronsert; Elhum Karimkhani; David J Magid; Edward P Havranek Journal: Ann Fam Med Date: 2013 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 5.166