| Literature DB >> 32952231 |
Carlos Ordoñez1,2,3, Carlos García4, Michael W Parra5, Edison Angamarca1,2, Mónica Guzmán-Rodríguez6, Claudia P Orlas7, Juan Pablo Herrera-Escobar7, Erika Rincón4, Juan José Meléndez1,2, Jose Julián Serna3, Natalia Padilla8, Ana Milena Del Valle1,2, Alberto F García3, Alfonso Holguín4.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new single-pass whole-body computed tomography Protocol in the management of patients with severe trauma.Entities:
Keywords: Protocol; blunt and penetrating trauma; hemodynamic instability, computed tomography, survival rates.
Mesh:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32952231 PMCID: PMC7467117 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v51i1.4224
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
New Single-Pass WBTC Protocol
| Phase | Procedure | |
|---|---|---|
| Phase A | Simple acquisition phase: skull | |
| Phase B | Contrast administration phase: neck, thorax and abdomen IV contrast: Iodinated, non-ionic hypo-osmolar (370 mg/mL) | |
| Step 1: First injection | Flow rate= 2.0 cc/s | |
| Vol. Contrast medium= 60 cc | ||
| Pause of 45 s | ||
| Total duration: 75 seconds | ||
| Step 2: Second injection | Flow rate= 4cc/s | |
| Vol. Contrast medium= 60-70 cc | ||
| Sweep= 40 cc Normal saline | ||
| Duration:25 seconds | ||
| Total time: 100 seconds | ||
| Step 3: Contrasted acquisition | In the Descending Aorta ROI= 200 UH, after the second injection. | |
Parameters at admission to Emergency Department
| Variable | Total (n=263) | Group 1 (n= 168) | Group 2 (n= 50) | Group 3 (n= 45) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median (IQR))* | 31 (23-49) | 32 (23-51) | 39 (27-51) | 26 (20-34) | <0.001 |
| Male Gender (n (%)) | 223 (85.4) | 142 (85.0) | 39 (78.0) | 42 (95.4) | NS* |
| Emergency Department Parameters | |||||
| SBP*, mmHg median (IQR) | 117 (100-138) | 124 (113-140) | 85 (70-93) | 112 (96-138) | <0.001 |
| HR*, median (IQR) | 90 (73-107) | 86 (71-100) | 108 (86-120) | 95 (81-107) | NS* |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 13 (7-15) | 13 (7-15) | 10 (3-14) | 15 (10-15) | 0.006 |
| Base excess, mEq/L median (IQR) | -6.2 (-9.0;-4.3) | -5.9 (-8.0; -4.0) | -8.9 (-12.6; -5.7) | -6 (-10.0; -4.8) | 0.002 |
| Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.9-4.9) | 2.8 (1.8-4.1) | 4.2 (2.6-6.4) | 2.8 (1.7-5.6) | <0.001 |
| Severity | |||||
| ISS*, median (IQR) | 22 (16-30) | 21 (14-29) | 25 (18-34) | 26 (19-35) | NS* |
| NISS*, median (IQR) | 27 (18-41) | 26 (17-34) | 28 (21-41) | 42 (27-54) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperatory hemorrhage median (IQR) | 350 (100-1200) | 275 (100-800) | 750 (300-2000) | 550 (250-1450) | 0.007 |
| Resuscitation | |||||
| Crystalloids, median (IQR) | 2430 (1400-3690) | 2258 (1232-3260) | 3325 (2430-4800) | 2400 (1520-4010) | 0.02 |
| RBCU*, median (IQR) | 4 (2-5) | 2 (2-4) | 4 (2-5) | 4 (2-4) | 0.04 |
| Plasma, median (IQR) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (2-4) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (3-6) | 0.02 |
Group 1: blunt trauma and hemodynamically stable
Group 2: blunt trauma and hemodynamically unstable
Group 3: penetrating trauma hemodynamically stable or unstable
IQR: interquartile range
SBP: systolic blood pressure
HR: heart rate
GCS: Glasgow coma scale
ISS: injury severity score
NISS: new injury severity score
RBCU: red blood cells units
NS: non significant
Whole-body computed tomography to diagnosis time (minutes), radiation exposure and renal fuction evaluation.
| Variable | Total (n=263) | Blunt Trauma - Hemodynamically Stable (n=168) | Blunt Trauma - Hemodynamically Unstable (n=50) | Penetrating Trauma (n=45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ED X-Ray, n (%) | 113 (42.9) | 63 (37.5) | 26 (52.0) | 24 (53.3) |
| ED to WBCT time* median (IQR*) | 29 (14-55) | 28 (14-55) | 29 (16-57) | 31 (13-50) |
| WBCT to diagnosis time, median (IQR) | 22 (14-32) | 22 (14-34) | 21 (12-32) | 23 (14-28) |
| Radiation mSv* median (IQR) | 18 (12-27) | 18 (13-27) | 19 (13-41) | 15 (12-23) |
| Radiation mGy.cm2*, median (IQR) | 2114 (1646-2730) | 2156 (1780-2911) | 2114 (1621-2730) | 1935 (977-2471) |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
| Contrast Induced Nephropathy, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 7 (2.7) | 3 (1.8) | 2 (4.0) | 2 (4.4) |
* IQR=interquartile range, mSv=millisievert, mGy.cm2= milligray/cm2
Group 1: blunt trauma and hemodynamically stable
Group 2: blunt trauma and hemodynamically unstable
Group 3: penetrating trauma hemodynamically stable or unstable
ED: Emergency Department
WBCT: whole-body computed tomography
Clinical outcomes
| Variable | Total (n=263) | Blunt Trauma - Hemodynamically Stable (n=168) | Blunt Trauma - Hemodynamically Unstable (n=50) | Penetrating Trauma (n=45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOFA*- day 2, median (IQR)* | 3 (1-7) | 3 (1-7) | 6 (3-9) | 2 (1-7) |
| Multiorgan failure, n (%) | 80 (30.4) | 47 (27.9) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (24.4) |
| ICU stay*, median (IQR) | 4 (1-8) | 4 (1-8) | 5 (2-10) | 3 (1-8) |
| Mechanical Ventilation days, median (IQR) | 2 (0-5) | 2 (0-4) | 2 (1-5) | 1 (0-3) |
| Hospitalary stay, median (IQR) | 7 (3-13) | 6 (3-12) | 9 (3-19) | 7 (2-14) |
| Mortality, n (%) | 45 (17) | 26 (15) | 13 (26) | 6 (13) |
| Predicted Survival Rate (TRISS*) | 86.4% | 69% | 93% | |
| Real Survival Rate | 85% | 74% | 87% | |
| p value | 0.69 | 0.25 | 0.07 |
*SOFA= sequential organ failure assessment,
IQR=Interquartile range,
ICU=Intensive Care Unit,
TRISS=Trauma and Injury Severity Score
Figure 1Coronal MIP reconstruction of Single-Pass WBCT. The aorta (White arrow) and hepatic artery (yellow arrow), with higher intensity than portal vein (yellow arrow head), and, median juxtahepatic vein (thick yellow arrow) with the lowest intensity. Also, mesenteric vein and artery (yellow star), and left renal vein and artery (white star) are visualized.
Figure 2Visualization of solid organ and hollow viscous with Single-Pass WBCT. A) Sagital MIP reconstruction, right and left ventricles, right ventricle outlet tract (thick yellow arrow), left pulmonary vein (thinner right yellow arrow) and aorta (white arrow) are visualized. B) Coronal MIP reconstruction of neck, subclavian arteries, common carotids (white arrow), jugular veins (yellow arrow) and vertebral arteries (black arrow) are observed. C) Axial MIP reconstruction of liver and its vessels, aorta, right yuxtahepatic vein flowing into vena cava (thick yellow arrow), portal left branch (white arrow) and left hepatic artery (upper thin yellow arrow).
Figure 3Coronal MIP reconstruction of the pelvis and abdomen. Patient with superior pubic rami fractures (yellow arrows), no associated injuries to adjacent external iliac arteries or veins (white stars).
Nuevo protocolo de tomografía computarizada corporal total de un solo pase
| Fase | Procedimiento | |
|---|---|---|
| Fase A | Fase de adquisición simple: cráneo | |
| Fase B | Fase de administración de contraste: cuello, tórax y abdomen Contraste IV: ionizaco, no iónico hipo-osmolar (370 mg/mL) | |
| Paso 1: Primera inyección | Flujo= 2.0 cc/s | |
| Vol. de contraste= 60 cc | ||
| Pausa de 45 s | ||
| Duración total: 75 segundos | ||
| Paso 2: Segunda inyección | Flujo= 4cc/s | |
| Vol. de contraste= 60-70 cc | ||
| Lavado= 40 cc Salina normal | ||
| Duración:25 segundos | ||
| Tiempo total: 100 segundos | ||
| Paso 3: Adquisición contrastada | En la aorta descendiente ROI= 200 UH, después de la segunda inyección. | |
Parámetros al ingreso al servicio de urgencias
| Variable | Total (n=263) | Grupo 1 (n= 168) | Grupo 2 (n= 50) | Grupo 3 (n= 45) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edad (mediana (RIQ))* | 31 (23-49) | 32 (23-51) | 39 (27-51) | 26 (20-34) | <0.001 |
| Género masculino (n (%)) | 223 (85.4) | 142 (85.0) | 39 (78.0) | 42 (95.4) | NS* |
| Parámetros de ingreso al Servicio de Urgencias | |||||
| PAS*, mmHg mediana (RIQ) | 117 (100-138) | 124 (113-140) | 85 (70-93) | 112 (96-138) | <0.001 |
| FC*, mediana (RIQ) | 90 (73-107) | 86 (71-100) | 108 (86-120) | 95 (81-107) | NS* |
| Glasgow, mediana (RIQ) | 13 (7-15) | 13 (7-15) | 10 (3-14) | 15 (10-15) | 0.006 |
| Base exceso, mEq/L mediana (RIQ) | -6.2 (-9.0;-4.3) | -5.9 (-8.0; -4.0) | -8.9 (-12.6; -5.7) | -6 (-10.0; -4.8) | 0.002 |
| Lactato, mmol/L, mediana (RIQ) | 3.0 (1.9-4.9) | 2.8 (1.8-4.1) | 4.2 (2.6-6.4) | 2.8 (1.7-5.6) | <0.001 |
| Severidad | |||||
| ISS*, mediana (RIQ) | 22 (16-30) | 21 (14-29) | 25 (18-34) | 26 (19-35) | NS* |
| NISS*, mediana (RIQ) | 27 (18-41) | 26 (17-34) | 28 (21-41) | 42 (27-54) | <0.001 |
| Hemorragia intraoperatoria, mediana (RIQ) | 350 (100-1200) | 275 (100-800) | 750 (300-2000) | 550 (250-1450) | 0.007 |
| Reanimación | |||||
| Cristaloides, mediana (RIQ) | 2430 (1400-3690) | 2258 (1232-3260) | 3325 (2430-4800) | 2400 (1520-4010) | 0.02 |
| UGR*, mediana (RIQ) | 4 (2-5) | 2 (2-4) | 4 (2-5) | 4 (2-4) | 0.04 |
| Plasma, mediana (RIQ) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (2-4) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (3-6) | 0.02 |
Grupo 1: trauma cerrado con estabilidad hemodinámica
Grupo 2: trauma cerrado con inestabilidad hemodinámica
Grupo 3: trauma penetrante estable o inestable hemodinámicamente
RIQ: rango intercuartílico
PAS: presión arterial sistólica
FC: frecuencia cardíaca
ISS: puntaje de severidad de la lesión
NISS: nuevo puntaje de severidad de la lesión
UGR: unidades de glóbulos rojos
NS: no significante estadísticamente
Tiempo desde la tomografía computarizada corporal total al diagnóstico, exposición a radiación y evaluación de la función renal.
| Variable | Total (n=263) | Trauma cerrado - Estable hemodinámicamente (n=168) | Trauma cerrado - Inestable hemodinámicamente (n=50) | Trauma penetrante (n=45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiografía en urgencias, n (%) | 113 (42.9) | 63 (37.5) | 26 (52.0) | 24 (53.3) |
| Tiempo de urgencias a tomografía mediana (RIQ*) | 29 (14-55) | 28 (14-55) | 29 (16-57) | 31 (13-50) |
| Tiempo de tomografía a diagnóstico, mediana (RIQ) | 22 (14-32) | 22 (14-34) | 21 (12-32) | 23 (14-28) |
| Radiación mSv* mediana (RIQ) | 18 (12-27) | 18 (13-27) | 19 (13-41) | 15 (12-23) |
| Radiación mGy.cm2*, mediana (RIQ) | 2114 (1646-2730) | 2156 (1780-2911) | 2114 (1621-2730) | 1935 (977-2471) |
| Creatinina, mediana (RIQ) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
| Nefropatía inducida por contraste, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Diálisis, n (%) | 7 (2.7) | 3 (1.8) | 2 (4.0) | 2 (4.4) |
* RIQ=rango intercuartílico, mSv=millisiverts, mGy.cm2= miligray/cm2
Grupo 1: trauma cerrado con estabilidad hemodinámica
Grupo 2: trauma cerrado con inestabilidad hemodinámica
Grupo 3: trauma penetrante estable o inestable hemodinámicamente
Desenlaces clínicos
| Variable | Total (n=263) | Trauma cerrado - Estable hemodinámicamente (n=168) | Trauma cerrado - Inestable hemodinámicamente (n=50) | Trauma penetrante (n=45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOFA*- día 2, mediana (RIQ)* | 3 (1-7) | 3 (1-7) | 6 (3-9) | 2 (1-7) |
| Falla multiorgánica, n (%) | 80 (30.4) | 47 (27.9) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (24.4) |
| Estancia en UCI*, mediana (RIQ) | 4 (1-8) | 4 (1-8) | 5 (2-10) | 3 (1-8) |
| Días de ventilación mecánica, mediana (RIQ) | 2 (0-5) | 2 (0-4) | 2 (1-5) | 1 (0-3) |
| Días de hospitalización, mediana (RIQ) | 7 (3-13) | 6 (3-12) | 9 (3-19) | 7 (2-14) |
| Mortalidad, n (%) | 45 (17) | 26 (15) | 13 (26) | 6 (13) |
| Tasa calculada de supervivencia (TRISS*) | 86.4% | 69% | 93% | |
| Tasa real de supervivencia | 85% | 74% | 87% | |
| Valor de p | 0.69 | 0.25 | 0.07 |
*SOFA= evaluación secuencial de daño orgánico,
RIQ= Rango intercuartílico,
UCI= Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo,
TRISS= Score de severidad de trauma y lesión
Figura 1Reconstrucción coronal MIP de una tomografía computarizada corporal total. La aorta (flecha blanca) y la arteria hepática (flecha negra) tienen mayor intensidad que la vena porta (cabeza de flecha amarilla) y la vena suprahepática medial (flecha amarilla). También se visualizan la arteria y vena mesentéricas (estrella amarilla) y la arteria y vena renales izquierdas (estrella blanca).
Figura 2Visualización de órganos sólidos y vísceras huevas en una tomografía corporal total. A) Reconstrucción sagital MIP, se visualizan los ventrículos derecho e izquierdo, tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho (flecha amarilla gruesa), vena pulmonar izquierda (flecha amarilla derecha delgada) y aorta (flecha blanca. B) Reconstrucción coronal MIP del cuello, se observan las arterias subclavias, carótidas comunes (flecha blanca), venas yugulares (flecha amarilla) y arterial vertebrales (flecha negra). C) Reconstrucción axial MIP del hígado y sus vasos, aorta, vena suprahepática derecha desembocando en la vena cava (flecha delgada amarilla), rama portal izquierda (flecha blanca) y arteria hepática izquierda (flecha amarilla superior delgada).
Figura 3Reconstrucción coronal MIP de pelvis y abdomen. Paciente con fracturas de la rama púbica superior (flechas amarillas), no se observan heridas asociadas de las arterias o venas ilíacas adyacentes.
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