| Literature DB >> 31656319 |
Manfred Welslau1, Andreas D Hartkopf2, Volkmar Müller3, Achim Wöckel4, Michael P Lux5, Wolfgang Janni6, Johannes Ettl7, Diana Lüftner8, Erik Belleville9, Florian Schütz10, Peter A Fasching11, Hans-Christian Kolberg12, Naiba Nabieva11, Friedrich Overkamp13, Florin-Andrei Taran2, Sara Y Brucker2, Markus Wallwiener10, Hans Tesch14, Andreas Schneeweiss15, Tanja N Fehm16.
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in recent years in advanced breast cancer and nearly all of them have been in the field of targeted therapy. Pertuzumab and trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) have been able to be introduced in HER2-positive breast cancer. Now other anti-HER2 therapies are being developed (e.g. margetuximab, DS-8201a, pyrotinib) which can overcome other resistance mechanisms in the HER2 signalling pathway. In the field of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, an mTOR inhibitor and CDK4/6 inhibitors were introduced in the past. Now the introduction of the first PI3K inhibitor is forthcoming and this inhibitor will involve genetic testing of the tumour for a mutation in the PIK3CA gene. There are also significant advancements in triple-negative breast cancer: By combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy, an advantage for overall survival was able to be demonstrated in a subgroup (immune cells PD-L1-positive). The PARP inhibitor therapy for HER2-negative patients with a germ line mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 was also associated with an improved overall survival in a subgroup. These promising new study results are summarised in this review.Entities:
Keywords: advanced breast cancer; immunotherapy; metastases; mutation testing; therapies
Year: 2019 PMID: 31656319 PMCID: PMC6805215 DOI: 10.1055/a-1001-9952
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Discontinuation rates and dose intensity of the therapies in the CDK4/6 inhibitor studies.
|
Paloma-1
|
Paloma-2
|
Paloma-3
|
Monaleesa-2
|
Monaleesa-3
|
Monaleesa-7
|
Monarch-2
|
Monarch-3
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAI: nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor; OFS: ovarian function suppression | ||||||||
| CDK 4/6 inhibitor | Palbociclib | Palbociclib | Palbociclib | Ribociclib | Ribociclib | Ribociclib | Abemaciclib | Abemaciclib |
| Therapy line | 1st line | 1st line | 2nd line | 1st line | 1st and 2nd line | 1st line | 2nd line | 1st line |
| Patient population | postmenopausal | postmenopausal | pre-/postmenopausal | postmenopausal | postmenopausal | premenopausal | pre-/postmenopausal | premenopausal |
| Combination treatment | Letrozole | Letrozole | Fulvestrant Fulvestrant/OFS | Letrozole | Fulvestrant | Letrozole/OFS | Fulvestrant Fulvestrant/OFS | NSAI |
| Median dose intensity | Palbociclib: 94% | Palbociclib: 93% Letrozole: 100% Placebo: 100% |
Palbociclib: 86%
Placebo: 98%
|
Ribociclib: 87.5%
Letrozole: 100%
Placebo: 100%
| Ribociclib: 92.1% Placebo: 100% | Ribociclib: 94% Placebo: 100% | not reported | Abemaciclib: 86% Placebo: 98% |
| Discontinuation due to adverse events | Palbociclib: 13% Letrozole: 2% | Palbociclib: 9.7% Placebo: 5.9% |
Palbociclib: 4%
Placebo: 2%
|
Ribociclib: 7.5%
Placebo: 2.1%
Ribociclib: 8.1%
Placebo: 2.4%
| Ribociclib: 8.5% Placebo: 4.1% | Ribociclib: 4% Placebo: 3% | Abemaciclib: 15.9% Placebo: 3.1% | Abemaciclib: 19.6% Placebo: 2.5% |
Fig. 1Antibody-dependent cellular mediated cytotoxicity (ACDD). The antibody binds to the target cell. The Fc part of the antibody binds with Fc receptors of natural killer cells which mediate the cytotoxicity.
Fig. 2Overview of the main immunotherapy-related adverse effects (irAEs) in patients who received anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1-based therapy (reprinted with permission from NatureSpringer from 62 , https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-019-0218-0 ).
Fig. 3Kaplan Meier estimators for the overall survival for patients in the OlympiaD study without previous chemotherapy in the metastatic situation (TPC: Treatment of physicianʼs choice).
Tab. 1 Abbruchraten und Dosisintensität der Therapien in den CDK4/6-Inhibitor-Studien.
|
Paloma-1
|
Paloma-2
|
Paloma-3
|
Monaleesa-2
|
Monaleesa-3
|
Monaleesa-7
|
Monarch-2
|
Monarch-3
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAI: nicht steroidaler Aromatasehemmer; OFS: ovarielle Funktionssuppression | ||||||||
| CDK4/6-Inhibitor | Palbociclib | Palbociclib | Palbociclib | Ribociclib | Ribociclib | Ribociclib | Abemaciclib | Abemaciclib |
| Therapielinie | 1. Linie | 1. Linie | 2. Linie | 1. Linie | 1. und 2. Linie | 1. Linie | 2. Linie | 1. Linie |
| Menopausenstatus | postmenopausal | postmenopausal | prä-/postmenopausal | postmenopausal | postmenopausal | prämenopausal | prä-/postmenopausal | prämenopausal |
| Kombinationspartner | Letrozol | Letrozol | Fulvestrant Fulvestrant/OFS | Letrozol | Fulvestrant | Letrozol/OFS | Fulvestrant Fulvestrant/OFS | NSAI |
| mediane Dosisintensität | Palbociclib: 94% | Palbociclib: 93% Letrozol: 100% Placebo: 100% |
Palbociclib: 86%
Placebo: 98%
|
Ribociclib: 87,5%
Letrozol: 100%
Placebo: 100%
| Ribociclib: 92,1% Placebo: 100% | Ribociclib: 94% Placebo: 100% | not reported | Abemaciclib: 86% Placebo: 98% |
| Abbruch wegen Nebenwirkungen | Palbociclib: 13% Letrozol: 2% | Palbociclib: 9.7% Placebo: 5.9% |
Palbociclib: 4%
Placebo: 2%
|
Ribociclib: 7,5%
Placebo: 2,1%
Ribociclib: 8,1%
Placebo: 2,4%
| Ribociclib: 8,5% Placebo: 4,1% | Ribociclib: 4% Placebo: 3% | Abemaciclib: 15,9% Placebo: 3,1% | Abemaciclib: 19,6% Placebo: 2,5% |
Abb. 1Antikörperabhängige, zellulär mediierte Zytotoxizität (ACDD). Der Antikörper bindet an die Zielzelle. Der Fc-Teil des Antikörpers bindet mit Fc-Rezeptoren von Natural-Killer-Zellen, welche die Zytotoxizität vermitteln.
Abb. 2Übersicht der hauptsächlichen immuntherapiebezogenen unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen (irAEs) bei Patienten, die Anti-PD1 oder anti-PDL1-basierte Therapie erhalten (nachgedruckt mit Genehmigung von NatureSpringer aus 62 , https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-019-0218-0 ).
Abb. 3Kaplan-Meier-Schätzung für das Gesamtüberleben für Patientinnen in der OlympiaD-Studie ohne vorherige Chemotherapie in der metastasierten Situation (TPC: Therapieentscheidung des Arztes, Treatment of physicianʼs choice).