Sebastian Weingärtner1,2,3, Chetan Shenoy4, Benedikt Rieger3, Lothar R Schad3, Jeanette Schulz-Menger5,6, Mehmet Akçakaya1,2. 1. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 2. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 3. Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 4. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 5. Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Joint Cooperation of the Max-Delbrück-Centrum and Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 6. Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a cardiac phase-resolved myocardial T1 mapping sequence. METHODS: The proposed method for temporally resolved parametric assessment of Z-magnetization recovery (TOPAZ) is based on contiguous fast low-angle shot imaging readout after magnetization inversion from the pulsed steady state. Thereby, segmented k-space data are acquired over multiple heartbeats, before reaching steady state. This results in sampling of the inversion-recovery curve for each heart phase at multiple points separated by an R-R interval. Joint T1 and B1+ estimation is performed for reconstruction of cardiac phase-resolved T1 and B1+ maps. Sequence parameters are optimized using numerical simulations. Phantom and in vivo imaging are performed to compare the proposed sequence to a spin-echo reference and saturation pulse prepared heart rate-independent inversion-recovery (SAPPHIRE) T1 mapping sequence in terms of accuracy and precision. RESULTS: In phantom, TOPAZ T1 values with integrated B1+ correction are in good agreement with spin-echo T1 values (normalized root mean square error = 4.2%) and consistent across the cardiac cycle (coefficient of variation = 1.4 ± 0.78%) and different heart rates (coefficient of variation = 1.2 ± 1.9%). In vivo imaging shows no significant difference in TOPAZ T1 times between the cardiac phases (analysis of variance: P = 0.14, coefficient of variation = 3.2 ± 0.8%), but underestimation compared with SAPPHIRE (T1 time ± precision: 1431 ± 56 ms versus 1569 ± 65 ms). In vivo precision is comparable to SAPPHIRE T1 mapping until middiastole (P > 0.07), but deteriorates in the later phases. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed sequence allows cardiac phase-resolved T1 mapping with integrated B1+ assessment at a temporal resolution of 40 ms. Magn Reson Med 79:2087-2100, 2018.
PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a cardiac phase-resolved myocardial T1 mapping sequence. METHODS: The proposed method for temporally resolved parametric assessment of Z-magnetization recovery (TOPAZ) is based on contiguous fast low-angle shot imaging readout after magnetization inversion from the pulsed steady state. Thereby, segmented k-space data are acquired over multiple heartbeats, before reaching steady state. This results in sampling of the inversion-recovery curve for each heart phase at multiple points separated by an R-R interval. Joint T1 and B1+ estimation is performed for reconstruction of cardiac phase-resolved T1 and B1+ maps. Sequence parameters are optimized using numerical simulations. Phantom and in vivo imaging are performed to compare the proposed sequence to a spin-echo reference and saturation pulse prepared heart rate-independent inversion-recovery (SAPPHIRE) T1 mapping sequence in terms of accuracy and precision. RESULTS: In phantom, TOPAZ T1 values with integrated B1+ correction are in good agreement with spin-echo T1 values (normalized root mean square error = 4.2%) and consistent across the cardiac cycle (coefficient of variation = 1.4 ± 0.78%) and different heart rates (coefficient of variation = 1.2 ± 1.9%). In vivo imaging shows no significant difference in TOPAZ T1 times between the cardiac phases (analysis of variance: P = 0.14, coefficient of variation = 3.2 ± 0.8%), but underestimation compared with SAPPHIRE (T1 time ± precision: 1431 ± 56 ms versus 1569 ± 65 ms). In vivo precision is comparable to SAPPHIRE T1 mapping until middiastole (P > 0.07), but deteriorates in the later phases. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed sequence allows cardiac phase-resolved T1 mapping with integrated B1+ assessment at a temporal resolution of 40 ms. Magn Reson Med 79:2087-2100, 2018.
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