Viviane Luangphakdy1, G Elizabeth Pluhar2, Nicolás S Piuzzi3,4, Jean-Claude D'Alleyrand5, Cathy S Carlson6, Joan E Bechtold7, Jonathan Forsberg8, George F Muschler9. 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. 2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. 4. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 5. Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. 6. Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA. 7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation and University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA. 8. Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA. 9. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering (ND20), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. muschlg@ccf.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Masquelet-induced-membrane technique is a commonly used method for treating segmental bone defects. However, there are no established clinical standards for management of the induced membrane before grafting. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Two clinically based theories were tested in a chronic caprine tibial defect model: (1) a textured spacer that increases the induced-membrane surface area will increase bone regeneration; and (2) surgical scraping to remove a thin tissue layer of the inner induced-membrane surface will enhance bone formation. METHODS: Thirty-two skeletally mature female goats were assigned to four groups: smooth spacer with or without membrane scraping and textured spacer with or without membrane scraping. During an initial surgical procedure (unilateral, left tibia), a defect was created excising bone (5 cm), periosteum (9 cm), and muscle (10 g). Segments initially were stabilized with an intramedullary rod and an antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate spacer with a smooth or textured surface. Four weeks later, the spacer was removed and the induced-membrane was either scraped or left intact before bone grafting. Bone formation was assessed using micro-CT (total bone volume in 2.5-cm central defect region) as the primary outcome; radiographs and histologic analysis as secondary outcomes, with the reviewer blinded to the treatment groups of the samples being assessed 12 weeks after grafting. All statistical tests were performed using a linear mixed effects model approach. RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis showed greater bone formation in defects with scraped induced membrane (mean, 3034.5 mm3; median, 1928.0 mm3; quartile [Q]1-Q3, 273.3-2921.1 mm3) compared with defects with intact induced membrane (mean, 1709.5 mm3; median, 473.8 mm3; Q1-Q3, 132.2-1272.3 mm3; p = 0.034). There was no difference in bone formation between textured spacers (mean, 2405.5 mm3; median, 772.7 mm3; Q1-Q3, 195.9-2743.8 mm3) and smooth spacers (mean, 2473.2 mm3; median, 1143.6 mm3; Q1-Q3, 230.2-451.1 mm3; p = 0.917). CONCLUSIONS: Scraping the induced-membrane surface to remove the innermost layer of the induced-membrane increased bone regeneration. A textured spacer that increased the induced-membrane surface area had no effect on bone regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Scraping the induced membrane during the second stage of the Masquelet technique may be a rapid and simple means of improving healing of segmental bone defects, which needs to be confirmed clinically.
BACKGROUND: The Masquelet-induced-membrane technique is a commonly used method for treating segmental bone defects. However, there are no established clinical standards for management of the induced membrane before grafting. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Two clinically based theories were tested in a chronic caprine tibial defect model: (1) a textured spacer that increases the induced-membrane surface area will increase bone regeneration; and (2) surgical scraping to remove a thin tissue layer of the inner induced-membrane surface will enhance bone formation. METHODS: Thirty-two skeletally mature female goats were assigned to four groups: smooth spacer with or without membrane scraping and textured spacer with or without membrane scraping. During an initial surgical procedure (unilateral, left tibia), a defect was created excising bone (5 cm), periosteum (9 cm), and muscle (10 g). Segments initially were stabilized with an intramedullary rod and an antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate spacer with a smooth or textured surface. Four weeks later, the spacer was removed and the induced-membrane was either scraped or left intact before bone grafting. Bone formation was assessed using micro-CT (total bone volume in 2.5-cm central defect region) as the primary outcome; radiographs and histologic analysis as secondary outcomes, with the reviewer blinded to the treatment groups of the samples being assessed 12 weeks after grafting. All statistical tests were performed using a linear mixed effects model approach. RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis showed greater bone formation in defects with scraped induced membrane (mean, 3034.5 mm3; median, 1928.0 mm3; quartile [Q]1-Q3, 273.3-2921.1 mm3) compared with defects with intact induced membrane (mean, 1709.5 mm3; median, 473.8 mm3; Q1-Q3, 132.2-1272.3 mm3; p = 0.034). There was no difference in bone formation between textured spacers (mean, 2405.5 mm3; median, 772.7 mm3; Q1-Q3, 195.9-2743.8 mm3) and smooth spacers (mean, 2473.2 mm3; median, 1143.6 mm3; Q1-Q3, 230.2-451.1 mm3; p = 0.917). CONCLUSIONS: Scraping the induced-membrane surface to remove the innermost layer of the induced-membrane increased bone regeneration. A textured spacer that increased the induced-membrane surface area had no effect on bone regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Scraping the induced membrane during the second stage of the Masquelet technique may be a rapid and simple means of improving healing of segmental bone defects, which needs to be confirmed clinically.
Authors: George F Muschler; Vivek P Raut; Thomas E Patterson; Joseph C Wenke; Jeffrey O Hollinger Journal: Tissue Eng Part B Rev Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 6.389
Authors: Sarah McBride-Gagyi; Zacharie Toth; Daniel Kim; Victoria Ip; Emily Evans; John Tracy Watson; Daemeon Nicolaou Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 2018-02-09 Impact factor: 3.494
Authors: Laurent Mathieu; James Charles Murison; Arnaud de Rousiers; Nicolas de l'Escalopier; Didier Lutomski; Jean-Marc Collombet; Marjorie Durand Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 4.176
Authors: Laurent Mathieu; Romain Mourtialon; Marjorie Durand; Arnaud de Rousiers; Nicolas de l'Escalopier; Jean-Marc Collombet Journal: Mil Med Res Date: 2022-09-02