Jing Dong1, Jayant M Pinto2, Xuguang Guo3, Alvaro Alonso4, Gregory Tranah5, Jane A Cauley6, Melissa Garcia7, Suzanne Satterfield8, Xuemei Huang9, Tamara Harris7, Thomas H Mosley10, Honglei Chen1,11. 1. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 2. Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Illinois. 3. Westat Inc, Durham, North Carolina. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. 5. California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 7. Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland. 8. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis. 9. Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. 10. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. 11. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Olfactory impairment is common among older adults; however, data are largely limited to whites. METHODS: We conducted pooled analyses of two community-based studies: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC, 1,398 blacks and 4,665 whites), and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (Health ABC, 958 blacks and 1,536 whites) to determine the prevalence of anosmia and associated factors for black and white older adults in the United States. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anosmia was 22.3% among blacks and 10.4% among whites. Blacks had a markedly higher odds of anosmia compared to whites in age and sex adjusted analyses (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.59-3.38). In both blacks and whites, higher anosmia prevalence was associated with older age and male sex. The highest prevalence was found in black men 85 years or older (58.3%), and the lowest in white women aged 65-69 years (2.4%). Higher education level, lower cognitive score, ApoE ε4, daytime sleepiness, poorer general health status, lower body mass index, and Parkinson disease were associated with higher prevalence of anosmia in one or both races. However, the racial difference in anosmia remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors (fully adjusted OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.50-2.07). Results were comparable between the two cohorts. DISCUSSION: Anosmia is common in older adults, particularly among blacks. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for anosmia and to investigate racial disparities in this sensory deficit. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
BACKGROUND: Olfactory impairment is common among older adults; however, data are largely limited to whites. METHODS: We conducted pooled analyses of two community-based studies: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC, 1,398 blacks and 4,665 whites), and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (Health ABC, 958 blacks and 1,536 whites) to determine the prevalence of anosmia and associated factors for black and white older adults in the United States. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anosmia was 22.3% among blacks and 10.4% among whites. Blacks had a markedly higher odds of anosmia compared to whites in age and sex adjusted analyses (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.59-3.38). In both blacks and whites, higher anosmia prevalence was associated with older age and male sex. The highest prevalence was found in black men 85 years or older (58.3%), and the lowest in white women aged 65-69 years (2.4%). Higher education level, lower cognitive score, ApoE ε4, daytime sleepiness, poorer general health status, lower body mass index, and Parkinson disease were associated with higher prevalence of anosmia in one or both races. However, the racial difference in anosmia remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors (fully adjusted OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.50-2.07). Results were comparable between the two cohorts. DISCUSSION: Anosmia is common in older adults, particularly among blacks. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for anosmia and to investigate racial disparities in this sensory deficit. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
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