Nicole M Armstrong1,2, Hang Wang3, Jian-Yu E3,4, Frank R Lin3,5, Alison G Abraham3,4, Pradeep Ramulu4, Susan M Resnick2, Qu Tian2, Eleanor Simonsick2, Alden L Gross3, Jennifer A Schrack3, Luigi Ferrucci2, Yuri Agrawal5. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School in Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 2. Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 4. Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 5. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Much is known about individual sensory deficits among older adults, but there is a dearth of information about the prevalence of multiple concurrent sensory deficits in this population. METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of individual and multiple sensory impairments at the most recent clinic visit among participants aged 24 years and older in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) (hearing, vision, olfaction, proprioception, and vestibular function) and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) (hearing, vision, olfaction). We compared observed prevalence of multiple sensory impairments with expected prevalence based on compounded probabilities of multiple impairments using Fisher Exact Tests. Also, we evaluated the comparability of different measures used between these two studies. RESULTS: In both studies, the prevalence of each individual sensory impairment was common (>10%), and higher with older age, and the most common pattern of co-occurring sensory impairments was hearing and visual impairments (17.4% [BLSA]; 50.2% [ARIC]). In BLSA, the pattern that differed the most between observed and expected prevalence was combined hearing, vision, and olfactory impairments (observed 5.2% vs 1.4% expected, p = .01). In ARIC, this difference was much smaller (observed 8.1% vs 7.2% expected, p = .49). CONCLUSIONS: Although concurrent hearing and vision impairments were the most common co-occurring deficits, combined hearing, vision, and olfactory impairments are most likely to co-occur above chance, especially at older ages. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2021.
BACKGROUND: Much is known about individual sensory deficits among older adults, but there is a dearth of information about the prevalence of multiple concurrent sensory deficits in this population. METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of individual and multiple sensory impairments at the most recent clinic visit among participants aged 24 years and older in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) (hearing, vision, olfaction, proprioception, and vestibular function) and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) (hearing, vision, olfaction). We compared observed prevalence of multiple sensory impairments with expected prevalence based on compounded probabilities of multiple impairments using Fisher Exact Tests. Also, we evaluated the comparability of different measures used between these two studies. RESULTS: In both studies, the prevalence of each individual sensory impairment was common (>10%), and higher with older age, and the most common pattern of co-occurring sensory impairments was hearing and visual impairments (17.4% [BLSA]; 50.2% [ARIC]). In BLSA, the pattern that differed the most between observed and expected prevalence was combined hearing, vision, and olfactory impairments (observed 5.2% vs 1.4% expected, p = .01). In ARIC, this difference was much smaller (observed 8.1% vs 7.2% expected, p = .49). CONCLUSIONS: Although concurrent hearing and vision impairments were the most common co-occurring deficits, combined hearing, vision, and olfactory impairments are most likely to co-occur above chance, especially at older ages. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2021.
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