Priya Palta1, Honglei Chen2, Jennifer A Deal3, A Richey Sharrett3, Alden Gross3, David Knopman4, Michael Griswold5, Gerardo Heiss6, Thomas H Mosley5. 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: priya_palta@unc.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 5. Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence. METHODS: Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI. RESULTS: Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78). DISCUSSION: An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia.
INTRODUCTION: We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence. METHODS: Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI. RESULTS:Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78). DISCUSSION: An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia.
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