Jeffrey N Stout1, M Dylan Tisdall2,3, Patrick McDaniel4, Borjan Gagoski5, Divya S Bolar6, Patricia Ellen Grant5,7, Elfar Adalsteinsson1,4. 1. Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA. 3. Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 5. Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 6. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Subject motion may cause errors in estimates of blood T2 when using the T2 -relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST) technique on noncompliant subjects like neonates. By incorporating 3D volume navigators (vNavs) into the TRUST pulse sequence, independent measurements of motion during scanning permit evaluation of these errors. METHODS: The effects of integrated vNavs on TRUST-based T2 estimates were evaluated using simulations and in vivo subject data. Two subjects were scanned with the TRUST+vNav sequence during prescribed movements. Mean motion scores were derived from vNavs and TRUST images, along with a metric of exponential fit quality. Regression analysis was performed between T2 estimates and mean motion scores. Also, motion scores were determined from independent neonatal scans. RESULTS: vNavs negligibly affected venous blood T2 estimates and better detected subject motion than fit quality metrics. Regression analysis showed that T2 is biased upward by 4.1 ms per 1 mm of mean motion score. During neonatal scans, mean motion scores of 0.6 to 2.0 mm were detected. CONCLUSION: Motion during TRUST causes an overestimate of T2 , which suggests a cautious approach when comparing TRUST-based cerebral oxygenation measurements of noncompliant subjects. Magn Reson Med 78:2283-2289, 2017.
PURPOSE: Subject motion may cause errors in estimates of blood T2 when using the T2 -relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST) technique on noncompliant subjects like neonates. By incorporating 3D volume navigators (vNavs) into the TRUST pulse sequence, independent measurements of motion during scanning permit evaluation of these errors. METHODS: The effects of integrated vNavs on TRUST-based T2 estimates were evaluated using simulations and in vivo subject data. Two subjects were scanned with the TRUST+vNav sequence during prescribed movements. Mean motion scores were derived from vNavs and TRUST images, along with a metric of exponential fit quality. Regression analysis was performed between T2 estimates and mean motion scores. Also, motion scores were determined from independent neonatal scans. RESULTS: vNavs negligibly affected venous blood T2 estimates and better detected subject motion than fit quality metrics. Regression analysis showed that T2 is biased upward by 4.1 ms per 1 mm of mean motion score. During neonatal scans, mean motion scores of 0.6 to 2.0 mm were detected. CONCLUSION: Motion during TRUST causes an overestimate of T2 , which suggests a cautious approach when comparing TRUST-based cerebral oxygenation measurements of noncompliant subjects. Magn Reson Med 78:2283-2289, 2017.
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