Jessica G Zarzour1, Desmin Milner2, Roberto Valentin2, Bradford E Jackson3, Jennifer Gordetsky4,5, Janelle West6, Soroush Rais-Bahrami2,5, Desiree E Morgan2. 1. Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, JTN 357, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. jgzarzour@uabmc.edu. 2. Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, JTN 357, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. 3. Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. 4. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. 5. Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. 6. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Determine iodine content threshold discriminating papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC) from complex cysts (CCs) using rapid kV-switching dual-energy CT (rsDECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: IRB-approved retrospective study of 72 consecutive patients with pathologic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, who underwent rsDECT from 2011 to 2015. Controls included consecutive patients with CC during same period. Iodine content of each pRCC (n = 27) was measured on rsDECT workstation for arterial (n = 15) or nephrographic phase (n = 12), and compared to iodine content for clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC, n = 46) and complex cysts (n = 54). An optimal iodine content threshold was estimated using logistic regressions and Youden's J based on maximum specificity and sensitivity. RESULTS: Iodine threshold of 1.28 mg/cc was optimal to discriminate between pRCCs and CCs for nephrographic phase (sens 1.0, spec 0.96, PPV 0.92, and NPV 1.0, AUC 0.997, acc 0.97, p < 0.0001). Iodine threshold of 1.22 mg/cc was the optimal cutoff value to discriminate between pRCCs and CCs in the arterial phase (sens 0.67, spec 0.97, PPV 0.91, NPV 0.85, AUC 0.76, and acc 0.84, p = 0.006). The optimal threshold to discriminate between ccRCCs and pRCCs was 1.85 mg/cc in the arterial phase (sens 0.87, spec 0.92, PPV 0.87, NPV 0.92, p < 0001) and 2.71 mg/cc in the nephrographic phase (sens 1.0, spec 1.0, PPV 1.0, NPV 1.0, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative iodine values on rsDECT discriminate between papillary RCC and complex cysts, and between papillary RCC and clear cell RCC, the former addressing an important clinical challenge particularly when an unenhanced series has not been performed. These rsDECT thresholds differ from values derived from dual-source DECT technology.
PURPOSE: Determine iodine content threshold discriminating papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC) from complex cysts (CCs) using rapid kV-switching dual-energy CT (rsDECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: IRB-approved retrospective study of 72 consecutive patients with pathologic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, who underwent rsDECT from 2011 to 2015. Controls included consecutive patients with CC during same period. Iodine content of each pRCC (n = 27) was measured on rsDECT workstation for arterial (n = 15) or nephrographic phase (n = 12), and compared to iodine content for clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC, n = 46) and complex cysts (n = 54). An optimal iodine content threshold was estimated using logistic regressions and Youden's J based on maximum specificity and sensitivity. RESULTS: Iodine threshold of 1.28 mg/cc was optimal to discriminate between pRCCs and CCs for nephrographic phase (sens 1.0, spec 0.96, PPV 0.92, and NPV 1.0, AUC 0.997, acc 0.97, p < 0.0001). Iodine threshold of 1.22 mg/cc was the optimal cutoff value to discriminate between pRCCs and CCs in the arterial phase (sens 0.67, spec 0.97, PPV 0.91, NPV 0.85, AUC 0.76, and acc 0.84, p = 0.006). The optimal threshold to discriminate between ccRCCs and pRCCs was 1.85 mg/cc in the arterial phase (sens 0.87, spec 0.92, PPV 0.87, NPV 0.92, p < 0001) and 2.71 mg/cc in the nephrographic phase (sens 1.0, spec 1.0, PPV 1.0, NPV 1.0, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative iodine values on rsDECT discriminate between papillary RCC and complex cysts, and between papillary RCC and clear cell RCC, the former addressing an important clinical challenge particularly when an unenhanced series has not been performed. These rsDECT thresholds differ from values derived from dual-source DECT technology.
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