Mental stress experienced by first-year residents and expert surgeons with robotic and laparoscopic surgery interfaces.

Prior research has indicated that novices experienced a beneficial stress profile in the robotic surgery (da Vinci) training environment when compared to the laparoscopic surgery training environment. The objective of this study was to assess whether this finding generalizes to expert surgeons. Towards that end, first-year residents' and attending surgeons' performances and subjective stress experiences were assessed in a surgical training task that was performed with the da Vinci and laparoscopic surgery interfaces. This study indicated that both groups exhibited superior performance and lower stress with the da Vinci surgical system than the laparoscopic system. The results provide further support for the sensitivity of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire in identifying different stress responses experienced by trainees and experts in the minimally invasive surgery environment.