A Barfeie1, J Wilson2, J Rees3. 1. Prosthodontics and Implantology, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, CF14 4XY. 2. Restorative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, CF14 4XY. 3. Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, CF14 4XY.
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this literature review is to find current knowledge of dental implants focusing on materials, designs and surface modifications and to understand which implant surfaces have more predictable clinical outcomes. RESEARCH MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search using PubMed/Medline, Scopus and The Cochrane Library databases from 1950 onwards was conducted using keywords and terms. Published papers were then obtained online or from specialist libraries. References from individual published papers were also searched for relevant publications. RESULTS: Different designs, materials and methods to modify surfaces of implants have been discussed in this paper. Many laboratory studies using animal models reported improved biological outcomes with surface modification of implants at the microscopic level. Despite pure titanium being commercially the prime material of choice, ceramics have the potential to become the next generation of dental implants. Presently there is not sufficient scientific evidence for routine use of ceramic implants. CONCLUSIONS: Pure titanium is the ideal material for implants. Rough implant surfaces are believed to deliver better osseointegration compared with smooth surfaces however, results from different studies vary. It is not clear which combination of different surface modifications provide a more predictable outcome. More standardised high quality prospective studies are required to prove which implant surfaces have the optimum properties for replacing missing teeth.
AIM: The aim of this literature review is to find current knowledge of dental implants focusing on materials, designs and surface modifications and to understand which implant surfaces have more predictable clinical outcomes. RESEARCH MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search using PubMed/Medline, Scopus and The Cochrane Library databases from 1950 onwards was conducted using keywords and terms. Published papers were then obtained online or from specialist libraries. References from individual published papers were also searched for relevant publications. RESULTS: Different designs, materials and methods to modify surfaces of implants have been discussed in this paper. Many laboratory studies using animal models reported improved biological outcomes with surface modification of implants at the microscopic level. Despite pure titanium being commercially the prime material of choice, ceramics have the potential to become the next generation of dental implants. Presently there is not sufficient scientific evidence for routine use of ceramic implants. CONCLUSIONS: Pure titanium is the ideal material for implants. Rough implant surfaces are believed to deliver better osseointegration compared with smooth surfaces however, results from different studies vary. It is not clear which combination of different surface modifications provide a more predictable outcome. More standardised high quality prospective studies are required to prove which implant surfaces have the optimum properties for replacing missing teeth.
Authors: R Schade; M Dutour Sikirić; S Lamolle; H J Ronold; S P Lyngstadass; K Liefeith; F Cuisinier; H Füredi-Milhofer Journal: J Biomed Mater Res A Date: 2010-12-01 Impact factor: 4.396
Authors: Fawad Javed; Mohammad D Al Amri; Sergio Varela Kellesarian; Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif; Fahim Vohra; José Luis Calvo-Guirado; Hans Malmstrom; Georgios E Romanos Journal: Clin Oral Investig Date: 2015-12-22 Impact factor: 3.573
Authors: Michael B Berger; Thomas W Jacobs; Barbara D Boyan; Zvi Schwartz Journal: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater Date: 2019-08-30 Impact factor: 3.368
Authors: Rafał Pokrowiecki; Tomasz Zaręba; Barbara Szaraniec; Krzysztof Pałka; Agnieszka Mielczarek; Elżbieta Menaszek; Stefan Tyski Journal: Int J Nanomedicine Date: 2017-06-06
Authors: G Falisi; M Severino; C Rastelli; S Bernardi; S Caruso; M Galli; L Lamazza; C Di Paolo Journal: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal Date: 2017-03-01