Gary W Beecham1, Dennis W Dickson1, William K Scott1, Eden R Martin1, Gerard Schellenberg1, Karen Nuytemans1, Eric B Larson1, Joseph D Buxbaum1, John Q Trojanowski1, Vivianna M Van Deerlin1, Howard I Hurtig1, Deborah C Mash1, Thomas G Beach1, Juan C Troncoso1, Olga Pletnikova1, Matthew P Frosch1, Bernardino Ghetti1, Tatiana M Foroud1, Lawrence S Honig1, Karen Marder1, Jean Paul Vonsattel1, Samuel M Goldman1, Harry V Vinters1, Owen A Ross1, Zbigniew K Wszolek1, Liyong Wang1, Derek M Dykxhoorn1, Margaret A Pericak-Vance1, Thomas J Montine1, James B Leverenz1, Ted M Dawson1, Jeffery M Vance1. 1. From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To minimize pathologic heterogeneity in genetic studies of Parkinson disease (PD), the Autopsy-Confirmed Parkinson Disease Genetics Consortium conducted a genome-wide association study using both patients with neuropathologically confirmed PD and controls. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-four cases and 1,145 controls met neuropathologic diagnostic criteria, were genotyped, and then imputed to 3,922,209 variants for genome-wide association study analysis. RESULTS: A small region on chromosome 1 was strongly associated with PD (rs10788972; p = 6.2 × 10(-8)). The association peak lies within and very close to the maximum linkage peaks of 2 prior positive linkage studies defining the PARK10 locus. We demonstrate that rs10788972 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs914722, the single nucleotide polymorphism defining the PARK10 haplotype previously shown to be significantly associated with age at onset in PD. The region containing the PARK10 locus was significantly reduced from 10.6 megabases to 100 kilobases and contains 4 known genes: TCEANC2, TMEM59, miR-4781, and LDLRAD1. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the association of a PARK10 haplotype with the risk of developing idiopathic PD. Furthermore, we significantly reduce the size of the PARK10 region. None of the candidate genes in the new PARK10 region have been previously implicated in the biology of PD, suggesting new areas of potential research. This study strongly suggests that reducing pathologic heterogeneity may enhance the application of genetic association studies to PD.
OBJECTIVE: To minimize pathologic heterogeneity in genetic studies of Parkinson disease (PD), the Autopsy-Confirmed Parkinson Disease Genetics Consortium conducted a genome-wide association study using both patients with neuropathologically confirmed PD and controls. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-four cases and 1,145 controls met neuropathologic diagnostic criteria, were genotyped, and then imputed to 3,922,209 variants for genome-wide association study analysis. RESULTS: A small region on chromosome 1 was strongly associated with PD (rs10788972; p = 6.2 × 10(-8)). The association peak lies within and very close to the maximum linkage peaks of 2 prior positive linkage studies defining the PARK10 locus. We demonstrate that rs10788972 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs914722, the single nucleotide polymorphism defining the PARK10 haplotype previously shown to be significantly associated with age at onset in PD. The region containing the PARK10 locus was significantly reduced from 10.6 megabases to 100 kilobases and contains 4 known genes: TCEANC2, TMEM59, miR-4781, and LDLRAD1. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the association of a PARK10 haplotype with the risk of developing idiopathic PD. Furthermore, we significantly reduce the size of the PARK10 region. None of the candidate genes in the new PARK10 region have been previously implicated in the biology of PD, suggesting new areas of potential research. This study strongly suggests that reducing pathologic heterogeneity may enhance the application of genetic association studies to PD.
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