Tricuspid valve incompetence following implantation of ventricular leads.

Most cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) require a ventricular lead to be placed across the tricuspid valve. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an understudied clinical complication of right ventricular lead implantation and its clinical significance is unknown. We review the incidence, predictors, and current management of TR as a complication of ventricular lead implantation. Emerging technologies, including leadless pacing devices and subcutaneous systems, offer the benefit of little or none tricuspid valve disruption.