Checklist of british and irish hymenoptera - sawflies, 'symphyta'.

Introduction

The superfamilies , , , , , and are combined as one checklist section, as the sawflies represent a distinctive assemblage of phytophagous (except ) . More than fifty years have passed since the publication of the final part of Robert B. Benson’s three part identification key to the “” of the British Isles (Benson 1935, Benson 1952, Benson 1958). Whilst the first two parts were based substantially on the acute monography by Eduard Enslin (Enslin 1912, Enslin 1913, Enslin 1914, Enslin 1915, Enslin 1916, Enslin 1917 and Enslin 1918), Benson’s treatment of the represented an original and significant step forward in our knowledge of this subfamily. The results of subsequent research on the British and Irish sawfly fauna were collated by Quinlan (1978). Since then, renewed investigation of the taxonomy of West Palaearctic sawflies has led to a great number of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, affecting many taxa occurring in the British Isles.

Of particular value in accessing the extensive but widely scattered literature on sawflies, is the online database “Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (ECatSym)” (Blank et al. 2012). Unfortunately, the only identification guide to the European “” published since 1958 with a more than local geographical scope, by Zhelochovtsev (1988), suffers from weaknesses, such as the reliance placed on the opinions and illustrations of E. Lindqvist in its treatment of the . Mistakes in translation from Russian make the later English language edition of this work even more difficult to use.

Special problems are attached to the interpretation of records for some species not found in the British Isles since their inclusion in the works of Leach (1817) and Stephens (1835). Some of these are probably extinct, but their presence in the British Isles has in many cases never been unequivocally proved: see for example Benson (1943). We therefore maintain the practice, as in Fitton et al. (1978), of marking names of such taxa with a preceding “?”. Further, the taxonomic status of some of the nominal taxa described from the British Isles by Hill, Stephens, Newman and Cameron is still unclear, particularly where no type material has been located. The number of confirmed British sawfly species now stands at 537, compared to 471 in the 1978 checklist (Quinlan 1978; Broad 2014). Note that, since the publication of the introduction section (Broad 2014) a further family, , has been recognised (Malm and Nyman 2014), including two British species previously included in .

Authorship and date of publication of original descriptions by various authors follow mainly the bibliographic research of Taeger and Blank (1996), Taeger and Blank (2006), Blank and Taeger (1998), Blank et al. (2009) and Taeger et al. (2010).

The classification of genera used here is largely based on the system of Benson (1951-1958). This has the advantages of being relatively simple and widely known. Detailed phylogenetic studies on several major lineages of are still lacking. However, some definite conclusions on generic groupings were reached by Nyman et al. (2006) on the and Leppänen et al. (2012) on the of the . For the higher , the full taxonomic and nomenclatural consequences of the recently proposed phylogeny have not yet been drawn. Far fewer genera will in future be recognised. For the present, we revert here to a generic classification that is similar to that used by Benson (1958), even though we are aware that , for example, is not monophyletic.

Genus and species group names are included selectively in the synonymy. For a complete current synonymy of all these, including important misidentifications, see ECatSym (Blank et al. 2012). A name is only included as a synonym when it fulfils one or both of the following criteria:

has at some time been used for a taxon occurring in the British Isles;

is used in widely consulted works on taxonomy or distribution, or in original accounts of biological characters / descriptions of immature stages.

The general scope and rationale for the checklist are covered by Broad (2014). As for the rest of the checklist, the Channel Islands fauna is excluded: see Sheppard (1990) on the sawfly fauna of the Channel Islands. There is a lack of data on the sawflies of the Isle of Man. It should be noted that several species were mistakenly listed as occurring in Scotland by Liston (1995).

Some of the diversity of British sawflies is illustrated in Figs 1, 2, 3, 4.

Checklists

Superfamily Newman, 1834

Newman, 1834

Newman, 1834

Newman, 1834

Konow, 1896

Konow, 1896

Benson, 1935

(Eversmann, 1847)

Eversmann, 1847

(Vollenhoven, 1858,

(Giraud, 1863,

(Klug, 1803): Stephens, 1835 misident.

Distribution

England, Wales

(Klug, 1803)

Klug, 1803

(Stephens, 1835,

(Stephens, 1835,

(Hartig, 1837,

(Dalla Torre, 1894,

(Fabricius, 1805,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Latreille, 1802

Thomson, 1871

(Klug, 1803): Stephens, 1835 misident.

England

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

(Klug, 1803,

Stephens, 1835

: misspelling

England, Wales

(Panzer, 1800)

Panzer, 1800

Thomson, 1871

: Stephens, 1835 misident.

: Eversmann, 1847 misident. and misspelling of

England, Wales

Jurine, 1807

Billberg, 1820

Konow, 1896

Schulz, 1906

Morice & Durrant, 1915

Benson, 1935

Benson, 1935

(Fabricius, 1775)

Fabricius, 1775

(Fabricius, 1793,

(Serville, 1823,

(Serville, 1823,

England, Wales

(Fabricius, 1787)

Fabricius, 1787

(Harris, 1779): Cameron, 1890 misident.

✝England

Notes

Extinct in Britain

Enslin, 1914

Stephens, 1829

Costa, 1860

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Curtis, 1830,

(Brischke, 1892,

England

Nomenclature follows Blank et al. (2009).

(Lepeletier, 1823)

Lepeletier, 1823

Stephens, 1829

Newman, 1838

England, Wales

Newman, 1838

Schiødte, 1839

Schlechtendal, 1878

W. F. Kirby, 1882

Konow, 1899

Synonymy of under  is discussed by Liston and Prous (2014).

Newman, 1838

(Taschenberg, 1871,

(J. Stein, 1876,

England

Added by Liston and Prous (2014) on the basis of the lectotype in the collections of Oxford University Museum of Natural History that Newman (1838) stated was collected “in the vicinity of London”.

(Schrank, 1781)

Schrank, 1781

(Stephens, 1835,

(Eversmann, 1847,

(Goury, 1912,

England, Wales

(M. Harris, 1779)

M. Harris, 1779

(Panzer, 1801,

(Damianitsch, 1866,

England, Wales

(Eversmann, 1847)

Eversmann, 1847

(Schlechtendal, 1878,

England, Scotland, Wales

Newman, 1834

Latreille, 1797

Fabricius, 1798

(Scopoli, 1763)

Scopoli, 1763

?England

Recorded from Kent and Devon by Stephens (1835), but see comments in Benson (1951).

Superfamily Cameron, 1890

Konow, 1897

preocc.

Latreille, 1802

Fabricius, 1804

If any member of this genus was ever present in England, then only seems at all likely: according to Leach (1817) and Stephens (1835), found near Bristol and Plymouth. See Taeger (2002) for current taxonomy. of the genus.

Species of removed from the British and Irish list:

[ (Leach, 1817), (Fabricius, 1804)] Up to three separate species have at times been considered to have been present in England. Neither nor , on the basis of their currently known distributions and habitat requirements, probably ever occurred in the British Isles.

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

(Leach, 1817,

(Klug, 1824,

: misspelling

?England

Cameron, 1890

Unplaced species of , treated as nomen oblitum by Blank et al. (2009):

Hill, 1773

Benson, 1945

Costa, 1894

Konow, 1897

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland

(Matsumura, 1912)

Matsumura, 1912

(Christ, 1791,

Enslin, 1918

(Linnaeus, 1758): Thomson, 1871 misident.

England, Scotland

Panzer, 1803

Jurine, 1801 suppressed

Jurine, 1807

Species of removed from the British and Irish list:

[ Panzer, 1803] Recorded by Shinohara (2002) but deleted by Shaw (2003) because material probably not of British origin.

(Wachtl, 1898)

Wachtl, 1898

(Klug, 1808): misident.

(Dalman, 1823): misident.

(Hartig, 1837): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Cameron, 1890

Konow, 1897

Konow, 1897

: Ashmead, 1898 misspelling

(Zaddach, 1866)

Zaddach, 1866

England

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Retzius, 1783,

(Curtis, 1831,

England, Wales

Latreille, 1802

Fabricius, 1804

Costa, 1894

Konow, 1897

Species of removed from the British and Irish list:

[ (Eversmann, 1847, ) ( auctt.)] See Liston et al. (2006)

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

Scotland

Added by Shinohara (1998)

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

Latreille, 1812

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England

(Curtis, 1831)

Curtis, 1831

England, Wales

(Dahlbom, 1835)

See

Dahlbom, 1835

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Latreille, 1812

(Retzius, 1783): Stephens, 1835 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1808)

Klug, 1808

Benson, 1945

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Villers, 1789)

Villers, 1789

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Fallén, 1808)

See

Fallén, 1808

(Zaddach, 1866,

England

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Zetterstedt, 1838

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Fabricius, 1793): Cameron, 1885 misident.

Scotland

(Stephens, 1835)

Stephens, 1835

(Vollenhoven, 1858,

England, Wales

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

(Schrank, 1781,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Linnaeus, 1767): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Superfamily Billberg, 1820

Billberg, 1820

Linnaeus, 1761

(Cresson, 1867)

Cresson, 1867

#England

Introduced, not established.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

Acerbi, 1802

W. F. Kirby, 1882

England, Scotland, Wales

is considered to be a valid species (Schiff et al. 2012), which may occur in Scotland (Viitasaari and Midtgaard 1989).

Fabricius, 1793

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

M. Harris, 1779

Shuckard, 1837

Fabricius, 1781: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

A species of Central European origin, thought to be attached mainly to spp. and not conspecific with the Nearctic  (Schiff et al. 2012).

Jurine, 1807

Geoffroy, 1762

Heyden, 1868

(Linnaeus, 1763)

Linnaeus, 1763

#England, #Scotland

Introduced, not established.

Geoffroy, 1785

Geoffroy, 1762

Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1921

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

(W. F. Kirby, 1882,

#Introduced, not established.

(Klug, 1803)

Klug, 1803

(Donovan, 1808,

(Smith, 1860,

(Fabricius, 1781)

England, Scotland, Ireland

Established in Ireland. , and have at times been recorded as introductions to the British Isles, but only is regarded as established (O'Connor et al. 1997). All were treated as valid species by Smith (1978), although had for a long time been placed as a synonym of . Benson 1958 (ii, supplement to section a) added to the British list with “ Fabricius auctt. nec Fabricius” as its synonym and separated this in a key from “ (= Klug)”. The reasons for this treatment are not clear. No type specimens are known to exist for either or , but Fabricius (1781) in his short original description of describes the legs as yellow, whereas has extensively black tibiae. European specimens previously identified as have so far all proved to belong to (A. Taeger, pers. comm.). We revert here to treating as a synonym of .

Norton, 1869

#Introduced, not established.

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

(Cederhjelm, 1798,

#Introduced, not established.

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

(Stephens, 1835,

#England

, collected 'near London', is a synonym of the Nearctic (Schiff et al. 2012). Presumably an introduction, not known to be established in the British Isles.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Stephens, 1835,

Benson, 1943

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Costa, 1894

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Wales, Ireland

Superfamily Latreille, 1803

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1890

Schrank, 1802

Jurine, 1801 suppressed

Latreille, 1802

Schrank, 1802

England, Wales

Added by Halstead (2004).

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

(Klug, 1814,

(Zaddach, 1859,

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Forster, 1771)

Forster, 1771

(Fabricius, 1775,

(Latreille, 1805,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

(Retzius, 1783,

England

(Klug, 1834)

Klug, 1834

(Fabricius, 1781): misident.

Scotland, Ireland

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Fabricius, 1781): misident.

(Klug, 1814,

(Serville, 1823,

Lindqvist, 1974

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1814)

Klug, 1814

(Geoffroy, 1785,

(Christ, 1791,

(Leach, 1817,

(Klug, 1834,

(Konow, 1884,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Gmelin, 1790)

Gmelin, 1790

(Klug, 1814,

(Serville, 1823,

(Klug, 1834,

(Gimmerthal, 1846,

Konow, 1907

: misspelling

England

(Klug, 1834)

Klug, 1834

Ireland

(Retzius, 1783)

Retzius, 1783

(Linnaeus, 1767): misident.

(Leach, 1817,

England, Scotland, Wales

(Gmelin, 1790)

Gmelin, 1790

Schrank, 1802

(Klug, 1814,

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

: misspelling

England

(Panzer, 1797)

Panzer, 1797

(Leach, 1817,

England, Wales

differs very markedly, in the extreme development of pale body markings, from all known W. Palaearctic populations of . Traditionally,  has been regarded as an endemic British subspecies of . Further studies [here a DNA analysis might offer good clues] are definitely required. The possibility cannot be excluded that  is a separate species originally introduced from the E. Palaearctic or Oriental Regions, where  is both extremely species-rich and poorly investigated.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Forster, 1771,

(Panzer, 1803,

(Leach, 1817,

(Stephens, 1835,

England

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1911

Konow, 1899

Forsius, 1921

(Thomson, 1871)

England

Added by Vikberg (2004).

(Klug, 1814)

(Konow, 1895,

(Konow, 1895,

: misspelling

England

(Klug, 1814)

Klug, 1814

England

Added by Vikberg (2004).

Billberg, 1820

Berthold, 1827

Lepeletier & Serville, 1828

Dahlbom, 1835

Konow, 1899

Benson, 1951: misspelling

(Panzer, 1799)

(Leach, 1817,

(Fabricius, 1798): misident.

(Villers, 1789): misident.

England, Wales

(Gmelin, 1790)

Gmelin, 1790

(Leach, 1817,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

Klug, 1834

Klug, 1834

England, Wales, Ireland

Curtis, 1825

Benson, 1951

Benson (1951) treated  and  as belonging to two different tribes. The differences between these certainly do not warrant this (Lorenz and Kraus 1957, Taeger 1998).

Leach, 1817

Leach, 1817

Kangas, 1946

Kangas, 1946

(Klug, 1820)

(Thomson, 1871,

(Kangas, 1946,

(Linnaeus, 1758): Enslin, 1917 misident.

England

Konow, 1887

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Leach, 1817

England, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Curtis, 1825

Curtis, 1825

Olivier, 1790

Geoffroy, 1762 suppressed

Olivier, 1789 suppressed

Lamarck, 1801

Semenov Tian-Shanskij, 1935

Zirngiebl, 1953

(Schrank, 1776)

Schrank, 1776

England, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

Leach, 1817

(Fabricius, 1793,

Leach, 1817

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

Leach, 1817

(Geoffroy, 1785): Leach, 1817 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

(Müller, 1766)

Müller, 1766

(Geoffroy, 1785,

(Panzer, 1801,

✝England

Extinct in Britain; presence in British Isles based on one female (NHM) said to have been collected near Salisbury (Leach 1817, Stephens 1835).

Benson, 1951

Schulz, 1906

Lamarck, 1801: misident.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Linnaeus, 1767,

✝England

Extinct in Britain; reported as having been collected near Windsor (Leach 1817, Stephens 1835).

Leach, 1817

Malaise, 1937

Taxonomy follows Viitasaari (1985), Viitasaari (1989).

Leach, 1817

Leach, 1817

Leach, 1817

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

Gussakovskij, 1947

England

Leach, 1817

Leach, 1817

Leach, 1817

Stephens, 1835

(Klug, 1834): Cameron, 1875 misident.

England, Scotland

Hartig, 1840

Leach, 1817: Cameron, 1885 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

(Zaddach, 1863,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1760)

Linnaeus, 1760

Gussakovskij, 1947

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Ireland

Benson, 1938

preocc.

Thunberg, 1789

Leach, 1817

(Rossi, 1790)

Rossi, 1790

(Fabricius, 1798,

?England

Said to have been collected near Bristol (Leach 1817, Stephens 1835).

(Fabricius, 1775)

Fabricius, 1775

?England

Said to have been collected in Lincolnshire (Leach 1817, Stephens 1835).

Rohwer, 1910

Rohwer, 1910

Schrank, 1802

Jurine, 1801 suppressed

Latreille, 1802 suppressed

(Linnaeus, 1758)

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1836)

Hartig, 1836

(Thomson, 1871,

England, Scotland, Wales

Benson, 1939

(Fabricius, 1793)

Fabricius, 1793

(Konow, 1884,

Hartig, 1834: Cameron, 1890 misident.

Scotland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Hartig, 1834): misident.

England, Wales

(Klug, 1812)

Klug, 1812

(Klug, 1812): Cameron, 1885 misident.

(Fabricius, 1781): Cameron, 1890 misident.

England, Scotland

(Klug, 1812)

England

Enslin, 1917

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

England, Scotland, Wales

Rohwer, 1918

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Retzius, 1783): Latreille, 1807 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1945

Dahlbom, 1835

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

Scotland, Ireland

Benson, 1938

Previously treated as a tribe of , raised to family rank by Malm and Nyman (2014) as the inclusion of  and  in the rendered the latter paraphyletic with respect to and .

(Thomson, 1870)

Thomson, 1870

: misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

Added by Vikberg and Liston (2009).

(Stephens, 1835)

Stephens, 1835

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Latreille, 1802

Unplaced species of :

Newman, 1838

Rohwer, 1911

Rohwer, 1911

Panzer, 1801

Klug, 1815

According to Stephens (1835) (p.90), who gives a recognisable description of (Klug, 1818), this species was “..rare: taken at Birch wood in June.” It is not included in the list of British species because no authenticated material has been located. A specimen without locality data in the Stephens Collection (NHM) is (det. G. Knight).

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Benson, 1945,

England, Scotland

may represent a separate species (Blank and Taeger 1998) from Scottish specimens recorded as by Liston (1985) and similar specimens from northern England.

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Zaddach, 1859,

(Norton, 1867,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Scopoli, 1763)

Scopoli, 1763

England, Wales, Ireland

(Stritt, 1937)

Stritt, 1937

England

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Klug, 1818,

Wales

Added by Knight (2006).

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

England

(Retzius, 1783)

Retzius, 1783

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Panzer, 1801)

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Klug, 1818): Morice, 1909 misident.

(Klug, 1818): Morice, 1909 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Benson, 1939

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Klug, 1818,

(Serville, 1823,

(Forsius, 1933,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(O. F. Müller, 1776)

Müller, 1776

(Gmelin, 1790,

(Panzer, 1799,

(Kirby, 1882,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Hartig, 1837

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

England, Scotland

Benson, 1938

Costa, 1859

Konow, 1890

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Stephens, 1835,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Retzius, 1783,

(Klug, 1816,

(W. F. Kirby, 1881,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England

Chevin, 1974

(Klug, 1816): misident.

England

Added by Liston (1993).

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Wales, Ireland

Ashmead, 1898

(Gmelin, 1790)

Gmelin, 1790

(Vollenhoven, 1869,

(Cameron, 1874,

(Cameron, 1878,

(Cameron, 1882,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1911

Costa, 1882

Rohwer, 1909

: misspelling

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

(Cameron, 1878,

(Klug, 1818): Stephens, 1835 misident.

England, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Cameron, 1874,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

was justifiably synonymised with by Konow (1899), because the original description strongly indicates the latter species, but after examination of the type Benson (1952) regarded as a junior synonym of . We follow Benson’s decision on the status of Cameron’s name.

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Hartig, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Spinola, 1808)

Spinola, 1808

(Klug, 1818,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1815

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Klug, 1818,

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Lepeletier & Serville, 1828

Dahlbom, 1835

Thomson, 1870 preocc.

MacGillivray, 1908

Enslin, 1913

Enslin, 1914

Unplaced species of :

[ (Newman, 1838, )]

Benson, 1938

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1938

Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929: Zhelochovtsev, 1988 misident.

Scotland, Ireland

Lindqvist, 1968

England, Scotland

Added by Knight (2009).

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Klug, 1816,

England, Scotland, Wales

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Cameron, 1878)

Cameron, 1878

(Klug, 1817): Cameron, 1874 misident.

Scotland

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

Enslin, 1914

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Gmelin, 1790)

Gmelin, 1790

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

Kontuniemi, 1951

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Lindqvist, 1968

Scotland

Added by Knight & Liston (in prep.).

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

Conde, 1937

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1892)

Konow, 1892

England, Scotland

(Konow, 1896)

Konow, 1896

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Lindqvist, 1968 is distinguished from by Heidemaa and Viitasaari (1999). Although Scottish and Welsh specimens checked by Knight and Liston are all , the presence of in the British Isles cannot be ruled out.

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Stephens, 1835,

(Konow, 1884,

: misspelling

(Fallén, 1808): Cameron, 1875 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1896)

Konow, 1896

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Hartig, 1837

Newman, 1838 preocc.

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Newman, 1837,

England, Wales, Ireland

Costa, 1859

Konow, 1896

(Fabricius, 1798)

Fabricius, 1798

(Klug, 1816,

England, Wales, Ireland

MacGillivray, 1908

Viereck, 1910

(Retzius, 1783)

Retzius, 1783

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1911

Hartig, 1837

Zirngiebl, 1956

(Linnaeus, 1760)

Linnaeus, 1760

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1911

Raised to subfamily rank by Malm and Nyman (2014).

Leach, 1817

Benson, 1931

Serville, 1823

Thomson, 1870

England, Scotland, Wales

Serville, 1823

(Fabricius, 1787,

Serville, 1823

England, Wales

(Klug, 1815)

Klug, 1815

Serville, 1823

Kontuniemi, 1951

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

There are grounds for suspecting that this consists of a group of species, with more narrowly defined host plant spectra than presently accepted.

Serville, 1823

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1931

England

(Klug, 1815)

Klug, 1815

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1815)

Klug, 1815

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Christ, 1791,

(Fabricius, 1793,

(Panzer, 1797,

England, Scotland, Wales

Cameron, 1880

(Kontuniemi, 1951,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1886

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Hartig, 1837,

(Klug, 1817,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Cameron, 1882)

Cameron, 1882

England, Wales

Hartig, 1837

Viitasaari & Vikberg, 1985

(Klug, 1816,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1952

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

(Hartig, 1837): Cameron, 1882 misident.

?England

Presence in the British Isles uncertain: see Gibbs (2006).

Rohwer, 1909

Malaise, 1935

(Cameron, 1877)

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

The taxonomy of this species, (Klug, 1816) and (Klug, 1816) has not yet been fully resolved (Liston et al. 2006).

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Kriechbaumer, 1884,

(Kriechbaumer, 1888,

(Klug, 1816): Thomson, 1870 misident.

(Brischke, 1883)

Brischke, 1883

(Konow, 1886,

(Hartig, 1837): Stephens, 1835 misident.

(Klug, 1816): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1886)

England, Wales

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Stephens, 1835,

(Brischke, 1883,

(Hartig, 1837): Enslin, 1918 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Many previous records of this species in the British Isles seem to refer to and .

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Vollenhoven, 1869,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Added by Koch (1988).

See above under / .

(Gimmerthal, 1847)

Gimmerthal, 1847

(Zaddach, 1859,

(Thomson, 1870,

England, Scotland, Wales

Hartig, 1837

Klug, 1817

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

(Brischke, 1883,

Wales

Added by Gibbs (2006).

Ashmead, 1898

Malaise, 1935

(T.W. Harris, 1845)

Harris, 1845

(Hartig, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Brullé, 1832)

Brullé, 1832

England, Scotland, Wales

Konow, 1886

Linnaeus, 1758

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Klug, 1816,

England, Ireland

Konow, 1886

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Fabricius, 1798,

(Newman, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Scotland

(Zaddach, 1859)

Zaddach, 1859

England, Scotland, Wales

MacGillivray, 1906

Westwood, 1840

Forsius, 1930

(Dahlbom, 1835)

Dahlbom, 1835

Benson, 1950

(Dahlbom, 1835): misident.

Scotland

Westwood, 1840

(Healy, 1868,

Brischke, 1888

(Klug, 1816): Healy, 1869 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson (1952) noted that biological differences possibly indicate the presence of two taxa under this name in the British Isles. This problem has still not been investigated.

Leach, 1817

Tischbein, 1846

Costa, 1859

Cameron, 1875

Konow, 1905

(Tischbein, 1846)

Tischbein, 1846

(Cameron, 1876,

(Cameron, 1882,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Leach, 1817

(Klug, 1818,

(Lepeletier, 1823): misident.

Healy, 1869

Brischke, 1883

(Klug, 1816): Zetterstedt, 1838 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Enslin, 1914

Leach, 1817: misident.

(Konow, 1907)

Konow, 1907

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

Hering, 1935

England, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Newman, 1870,

(Cameron, 1885,

(Enslin, 1918,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

Fallén, 1829 preocc.

Stephens, 1835

Newman, 1838

Cameron, 1882

Unplaced species of :

[ (Cameron, 1888, )]

(Kaltenbach, 1856)

Kaltenbach, 1856

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Altenhofer & Zombori, 1987

England

Added by Liston and Blank (2006).

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Klug, 1818): Healy, 1868 misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Newman, 1837,

(Zaddach, 1859,

(MacGillivray, 1909,

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Stephens, 1835,

(Vollenhoven, 1869,

(Strobl, 1896,

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Klug, 1818,

(Klug, 1818,

(Malaise, 1931,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1905)

Konow, 1905

(McLachlan, 1867,

Altenhofer & Zombori, 1987

England

Added by Altenhofer and Zombori (1987).

was described on the basis of specimens "bred by Mr Healy from larvae which make great blotches in the leaves of , and occasionally in " McLachlan (1867). According to present knowledge on distribution and hostplants, the syntype series probably consisted of more than one species. The description is not sufficiently detailed to determine the identity of the specimens which McLachlan examined. No type material has been located, as already stated by Altenhofer and Zombori (1987). Nevertheless, Altenhofer and Zombori (1987) chose to regard McLachlan as being conspecific with a species which was reared from and proposed for it the new name . was subsequently found to be synonymous with  (Konow, 1905) (Blank et al. 2001).

MacGillivray, 1910

Unplaced species of :

[ (Serville, 1823, )]

Liston, 1993

Liston, 1993

England, Scotland

Added by Liston (1994). Synonymy with according to Liston (1996). Serville cannot at present be placed as conspecific with or , and must be treated as an unplaced species (Blank et al. 2001).

(Sundevall, 1847)

Sundevall, 1847

(Thomson, 1871,

(MacGillivray, 1923,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Recorded in Ireland by Knight (2004) as .

Forbes, 1885

Konow, 1886

MacGillivray, 1909

(Cameron, 1875)

Cameron, 1875

(Hellén, 1935,

England, Scotland

(Thomson, 1870)

Thomson, 1870

(Brischke, 1883,

(Konow, 1886,

Smith, 1971

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Hartig, 1837,

(Boie, 1848,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Benson, 1936

(Brischke, 1888)

Brischke, 1888

Liston, 1993

England, Scotland, Wales

Added by Edmunds et al. (2007).

(KIug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Kaltenbach, 1874,

England, Scotland, Wales

MacGillivray, 1914

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1886)

Konow, 1886

(MacGillivray, 1923): misident.

England

Konow, 1890

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Klug, 1818,

(Zaddach, 1859,

Konow, 1894

England, Scotland, Ireland

Synonymy of with follows Leppänen et al. (2012).

Rohwer, 1911

Benson, 1938

Enslin, 1914

Enslin, 1914

(Panzer, 1798)

Panzer, 1798

(Gmelin, 1790,

(Norton, 1861,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Serville, 1823,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1887)

Konow, 1887

Blank & Taeger, 1998 preocc.

(Klug, 1816): Cameron, 1882 misident.

(Panzer, 1798): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Added by Liston and O'Connor (2005).

(Konow, 1887)

Konow, 1887

(Cameron, 1893,

(Klug, 1816): Cameron, 1877 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Hartig, 1837

(Gmelin, 1790)

Gmelin, 1790

(Gmelin, 1790,

Benson, 1930

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

MacGillivray, 1908

Benson, 1952

(Zaddach, 1859)

Zaddach, 1859

England, Wales

Dahlbom, 1835

Brullé, 1846

MacGillivray, 1908

: misspelling

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Curtis, 1850,

(Schrank, 1781): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Konow, 1886

(Schrank, 1781)

Klug, 1816

England, Wales

Benson, 1939

(Schrank, 1781)

Schrank, 1781

(Serville, 1823,

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England

Konow, 1886

(Fabricius, 1804)

Fabricius, 1804

England, Wales

Smith, 1969

Benson, 1939

(Fallén, 1807)

Fallén, 1907

(Klug, 1816,

(Thomson, 1870,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

Unplaced species of :

Cameron, 1878

Placed by Konow (1905) as a synonym of (Hartig, 1837), a species which has never been found in the British Isles. Konow probably did not examine the type of , which according to Benson (1943b), is lost.

Ashmead, 1898

Illiger, 1807

Dahlbom, 1835

Hartig, 1837

(Dahlbom, 1835)

Dahlbom, 1835

Stephens, 1835

(Stephens, 1835,

Zaddach, 1859

Zaddach, 1859

: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Fabricius, 1804)

Fabricius, 1804

(Fallén, 1808,

Serville, 1823

: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

The change in nomenclature is explained in Liston (2007).

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Fallén, 1808,

Stephens, 1835

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Panzer, 1799,

(Stephens, 1835,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Curtis, 1833

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1759

Hartig, 1837

(Benson, 1936,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Ashmead, 1898

Marlatt, 1896

Benson, 1952

(Lepeletier, 1823): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Dahlbom, 1835

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Cameron, 1882,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Retzius, 1783)

Retzius, 1783

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

Hartig, 1837

Thomson, 1871

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Linnaeus, 1767,

(Hill, 1773,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Panzer, 1799,

Stephens, 1835

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1911

Unplaced species of :

[ (Cameron, 1877, )]

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Cameron, 1882)

Cameron, 1882

Malaise, 1931

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Fabricius, 1798): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Panzer, 1803)

Panzer, 1803

R. Stein, 1926

Benson, 1958

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Blank, 1998

(Bechstein & Scharfenberg, 1805,

(Klug, 1819): Cameron, 1877, misident.

(Gmelin, 1790): Kirby, 1882, misident.

(Panzer, 1803): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Schiødte, 1839

Hartig, 1837 preocc.

Newman, 1869

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Stephens, 1835,

(Hartig, 1840,

(Newman, 1869,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Konow, 1890

Hartig, 1837

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Zetterstedt, 1838

(Newman, 1837,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Benson, 1933

England, Ireland

(Klug, 1816

Klug, 1816

England

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Klug, 1816): Cameron, 1885 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1761)

Linnaeus, 1760

(Fabricius, 1804): misident.

(Christ, 1791): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Panzer, 1801)

Panzer, 1801

(Klug, 1816,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

Cameron, 1877

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England, Scotland, Wales

Zombori, 1982

Hartig, 1837

(Fabricius, 1775)

Fabricius, 1775

(Klug, 1816,

(Stephens, 1835,

(Cameron, 1875,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

Konow, 1890

Malaise, 1921

Strand, 1929

Konow, 1895 preocc.

Malaise, 1931

(Holmgren, 1883)

Holmgren, 1883

Konow, 1907

MacGillivray, 1919

Scotland

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Ruthe, 1859,

(Malaise, 1931,

England, Scotland

Konow, 1895

England, Scotland, Ireland

Konow, 1897

Benson, 1933

Malaise, 1931: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1955

Scotland

Specimens identified by Benson as this species in NMS, from Switzerland (type locality) and Scotland, do not seem to be conspecific. They both belong to the (Ruthe) species group. The identity of Scottish specimens requires further study.

Malaise, 1931

Benson, 1948

Malaise, 1920: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

See Lindqvist (1972) on taxonomy of this species and Malaise, 1920.

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Hartig 1837,

(Cameron, 1882,

England, Scotland, Ireland

British and Irish specimens at present identified as this species or as may include other taxa not yet recorded in the British Isles. See revision of North European taxa by Schmidt (1997).

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

Malaise, 1931

England, Scotland, Wales

Taeger & Blank, 1998

(Christ, 1791): misident.

England

Konow, 1896

Enslin, 1919

Perkins, 1929

Lindqvist, 1943

(Zaddach, 1876): Cameron, 1885 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Brischke, 1883)

Brischke, 1883

(Lindqvist, 1935): Benson, 1948 misident.

: Benson, 1958 misspelling

England, Ireland

(Thomson, 1863)

Thomson, 1863

England, Scotland, Wales

Benson, 1935

Lindqvist, 1962

Enslin, 1915: misident.

Scotland

See Liston et al. (2012) on the spelling of the species name.

(Zaddach, 1883)

Zaddach, 1883

England, Wales

Schmidt, 1997

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

Konow, 1895

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Konow, 1895

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Zaddach, 1883)

Zaddach, 1883

Scotland

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

Saarinen, 1950

(Serville, 1823): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Lepeletier, 1823,

Konow, 1895

Malaise, 1920

Konow, 1895: misident.

England, Scotland

Lindqvist, 1959

Kiaer, 1898: misident.

Added by Knight & Liston (in prep.).

(Zaddach, 1883)

Zaddach, 1883

England, Ireland

(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Zetterstedt, 1838

(Förster, 1854,

(Thomson, 1863): Cameron, 1876 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

Benson, 1948

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Leach, 1817

Curtis, 1824: misspelling

(Scharfenberg, 1805)

Scharfenberg, 1805

(Villaret, 1832,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Zaddach, 1876)

Zaddach, 1876

England

(Villaret, 1832)

Villaret, 1832

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

Newman, 1837

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Newman, 1837

Hartig, 1837

Smith, 1968

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Retzius, 1783,

(Hartig, 1837,

(Fallén, 1808,

(Hartig, 1837): Vollenhoven, 1871 misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Jurine, 1807)

Jurine, 1807

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Regarded as a group of sibling (biological) species by Kopelke (1996), Kopelke (2000). These are very difficult, perhaps impossible, to distinguish using adult morphological characters. According to records of galls on various identified species, at least the following three species belonging to the group occur in the British Isles: , and .

Kopelke, 2000

Scotland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

Newman, 1837

(Cameron, 1885,

(Fallén, 1808): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

According to Kopelke (2001), several biological species are included under this name. A number of these seem to occur in the British Isles, but an alternative view on some of the taxa proposed by Kopelke has been offered by Nyman (2002).

Kopelke, 1996

Ireland

The only known record in the British Isles is based on the specimens mentioned by O’Connor et al. (1997) under the name , as having been reared from .

(Brischke, 1883)

Brischke, 1883

Newman, 1837 nom. ob.

England, Scotland

(Brischke, 1883)

Brischke, 1883

England, Scotland, Wales

Ermolenko, 1988

Scotland, Ireland

Added by Liston and O'Connor (2005).

Panzer, 1801

Lacourt, 1998

Hartig, 1837

Hartig, 1840

Förster, 1854

Vollenhoven, 1871

(Lindqvist, 1957,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1953

England, Scotland

(Scopoli, 1763)

Scopoli, 1763

Serville, 1823

Serville, 1823

Moore, 1831

(Bouché, 1834,

Hartig, 1840

Dufour, 1847

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Panzer, 1801

W. F. Kirby, 1882

Konow, 1890

Hartig, 1837

Förster, 1854

Thomson, 1863

Hartig, 1837

: misspellling

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Panzer, 1801)

Panzer, 1801

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

Kriechbaumer, 1885

(Fallén, 1808,

(Hartig, 1837): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1911

Lacourt, 1998

Dahlbom, 1835

Hartig, 1837

Thomson, 1871

(Enslin, 1916,

(Lindqvist, 1937,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

England, Scotland, Wales

Thomson, 1871

(Konow, 1903,

(Konow, 1904,

(Lindqvist, 1939,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cameron, 1875

(Lindqvist, 1943,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Cameron, 1875

Scotland, Wales

Zaddach, 1876

England, Scotland, Wales

Thomson, 1862

England, Scotland

Förster, 1854

Cameron, 1882

England, Scotland, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1888

(Konow, 1904,

: misspelling

Scotland, Ireland

Förster, 1854

Cameron, 1878

(Konow, 1904,

England, Scotland

Förster, 1854

Cameron, 1884

(Lindqvist, 1957,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Förster, 1854

Cameron, 1882

Förster, 1854: misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

(Lindqvist, 1969,

England, Scotland

(Benson, 1933)

Benson, 1933

England, Scotland, Ireland

Hartig, 1837

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Panzer, 1797)

Panzer, 1797

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

(Fallén, 1808): misident.

Stephens, 1835

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

(Lindqvist, 1960,

Muche, 1972

Förster, 1854: misident.

England, Scotland

(Fabricius, 1804)

Fabricius, 1804

Förster, 1854

(Retzius, 1783): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Benson, 1935)

Benson, 1935

(Lindqvist, 1958,

Scotland

Förster, 1854

Cameron, 1882

(Panzer, 1797): Cameron, 1885 misident.

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Retzius, 1783)

Retzius, 1783

Hartig, 1840

Cameron, 1882

(Lindqvist, 1958,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

Vollenhoven, 1862

Dalla Torre, 1894

Hartig, 1837: misident.

Förster, 1854: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Zaddach, 1876

Cameron, 1885

(Lindqvist, 1957,

Thomson, 1863: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1895)

Konow, 1895

Scotland

Added by Knight and Liston (in prep.). Some differences between Scottish individuals and the Estonian lectotype require further investigation.

(Lindqvist, 1969)

Lindqvist, 1969

England, Scotland

Added by Knight and Liston (in prep.).

Holmgren, 1883

Thomson, 1871 preocc.

Dalla Torre, 1894

(Enslin, 1915,

(Benson, 1935,

Scotland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales

Zaddach, 1883

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Enslin, 1913)

Enslin, 1913

Thomson, 1871 preocc.

(Benson, 1933,

Hartig, 1837: Cameron, 1877 misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

Cameron, 1884

Hellén, 1948

Hellén, 1948

: misspelling

England, Scotland

Newman, 1837

Hartig, 1837

Norton, 1867

Norton, 1880

Forbes, 1885

England

Thomson, 1871

Cameron, 1882

(Forsius, 1911,

(Kontuniemi, 1966,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

Hartig, 1837

Thomson, 1871: Konow, 1890 misident.

Zaddach, 1876: misident.

Dahlbom, 1835: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Möller, 1882

Cameron, 1882

Förster, 1854: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

According to Lindqvist (1962), (description probably predates that of by a few months) is not conspecific with .

Konow, 1890

Ross, 1937

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Lacourt, 1998

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Konow, 1903,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Gimmerthal, 1834)

Gimmerthal, 1834

(Cameron, 1876,

(Thomson, 1871): Cameron, 1878 misident.

(Linnaeus, 1758): Fallén, 1808 misident.

: Benson, 1958

England, Scotland, Ireland

Benson, 1948

Benson, 1948

Zaddach, 1883: Benson, 1967 misident.

England, Ireland

(Cameron, 1882)

Cameron, 1878

(Cameron, 1882,

(Cameron, 1885,

(Thomson, 1871): Cameron, 1878 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Förster, 1854,

Konow, 1903

Benson, 1948

(Norton, 1861): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Taeger and Blank (1998) regard and as morphologically highly variable species, which together include most of the previously described W. Palaearctic taxa. Their arguments for this are well reasoned, but at present it seems prudent to continue to regard several of the more distinctive morphological segregates, treated as species by Benson (1958), as separate taxa, because morphologically intermediate specimens are rare (at least in the male sex). The taxonomy of the whole group requires further intensive work, including genetic analysis. According to Taeger and Blank (1998) , treated here as valid, is a synonym of .

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Hartig, 1840,

Liston, 1982

England, Scotland, Ireland

See above, under . According Taeger and Blank (1998), and are synonyms of (= ).

Lindqvist, 1949

(Thomson, 1863): misident.

England

(Zaddach, 1876)

Zaddach, 1876

England, Scotland, Wales

(Dahlbom, 1835)

Dahlbom, 1835

(Hartig, 1840,

(Hartig, 1840,

(Eversmann, 1847,

(Eversmann, 1847,

(Zaddach, 1876,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Konow, 1903

(Hartig, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Förster 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Förster, 1854,

(Thomson, 1863,

Konow, 1903

Liston, 1980

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Zaddach, 1883)

Zaddach, 1883

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Ruthe, 1859,

(Cameron, 1874,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

: Lacourt, 1999

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Ross, 1945

Lindqvist, 1949

: misspelling

England, Scotland

Benson, 1948

England, Scotland

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

(Hartig, 1840,

(W. F. Kirby, 1882,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1960

(Lindqvist, 1949)

Lindqvist, 1949

Scotland

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Benson, 1953): misident.

Scotland

(Cameron, 1877

Cameron, 1877

(Cameron, 1879,

England, Ireland

Three morphologically well distinguished species feed on in Europe (Vikberg 2010a). Benson (1958) had already distinguished these under the names , and . Kopelke (2007b) stated that only two European species occur on this host, and synonymised and with , thus leaving the taxon formerly referred to as without a valid name. The opinions of Benson and Vikberg are followed here.

(Benson, 1940)

Benson, 1940

(Marlatt, 1896): misident.

(MacGillivray, 1923): misident.

(Malaise, 1931): misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

Taxonomy follows Kopelke (2007a).

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Hartig, 1837): misident.

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

(Thomson, 1863)

Thomson, 1863

(Cameron, 1876,

Scotland

Taxonomy follows Kopelke (2007a).

(Tischbein, 1846)

Tischbein, 1846

(Benson, 1953,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

According to Kopelke (2007c)  is a synonym of (as stated in the abstract and table 1, whereas the synonymy with on p. 153 is wrong; J.-P. Kopelke, pers. comm.). The concept of in Kopelke (2007c) is different to that of Benson (1958) and most other previous taxonomists.

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Cameron, 1876,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

According to Kopelke (2007a), (Förster, 1854) has previously been confused with . Whilst was recorded in the British Isles by Liston et al. (2012), records of require validation.

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Thomson, 1871,

England, Wales

(Thomson, 1863)

Thomson, 1863

(Förster, 1854): Cameron, 1877 misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kopelke, 2007

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

Kopelke, 2007

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

(Zaddach, 1883)

Zaddach, 1883

Scotland

Regarded as a valid species by Kopelke (2003), Kopelke (2007a). Material from Scotland was mentioned by Brischke (1884).

(Zaddach, 1883)

Zaddach, 1883

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Boheman, 1852,

(Thomson, 1863,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Costa, 1852

Zinovjev, 1985

Vikberg, 2010

Subsequent to the revision of the species group by Kopelke (1991), numerous important taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, followed here, were proposed by Vikberg (2003) and Vikberg and Zinovjev (2006).

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Benson, 1953,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Taxonomy of the species follows Vikberg (2010b) (under ).

Benson, 1941

Benson, 1941

Scotland

Benson, 1941

Scotland

Konow, 1904

Forsius, 1920

Malaise, 1920

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Cameron, 1885,

(Retzius, 1783): misident.

Konow, 1901: misident.

(Hartig, 1837): Kopelke 1991 misident.

England, Scotland

(Cameron, 1883)

Cameron, 1883

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Cameron, 1876,

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

Malaise, 1920

Scotland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

Kopelke, 1994

Scotland

Added on the basis of records of galls of from in Benson (1954). See Vikberg and Malinen (2012) on taxonomy.

(Cameron, 1876)

Cameron, 1876

Benson, 1935

(Thomson, 1871): misident.

England, Scotland

See Vikberg and Malinen (2012) on taxonomy.

(Cameron, 1876)

Cameron, 1876

(Thomson, 1871): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Kopelke, 1991

Scotland

Added by Liston and Blank (2006).

Kopelke, 1986

(Thomson, 1871): misident.

England, Scotland

Added on the basis of records of galls of from in Benson (1954).

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Zaddach, 1876,

(Cameron, 1876,

Lindqvist, 1964

(Hartig, 1837): Kopelke, 1991 misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Stephens, 1835,

(Cameron, 1885,

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Cameron, 1884)

Cameron, 1884

England

Forsius, 1923

England, Scotland

(Retzius, 1783)

Retzius, 1783

(Hartig, 1837,

(Thomson, 1862,

Benson, 1940

Kopelke, 1991

England, Scotland

Nomenclature follows Blank et al. (2009).

Malaise, 1920

Scotland

Benson, 1941

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Bremi-Wolf, 1849)

Bremi-Wolf, 1849

(Brischke, 1850,

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Cameron, 1874,

(Cameron, 1876,

Enslin, 1918

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Vikberg, 1982

Zinovjev, 1993

(Lindqvist, 1958)

Lindqvist, 1959

: Benson, 1961

Scotland

Latreille, 1810

Species of removed from the British and Irish list:

[ (Lindqvist, 1952, )] Recorded by Liston (1983a) but based on a misidentification.

[ Malaise, 1931] Recorded by Liston (1982) but based on a misidentification.

Konow, 1890

(Christ, 1791)

Christ, 1791

(Retzius, 1783,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

England, Scotland

(Enslin, 1916)

Enslin, 1916

England, Scotland

Added Liston (1981b).

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Dahlbom, 1835,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1954

(Takagi, 1931,

England, Wales

Beneš & Kristek, 1976

(Enslin, 1916): misident.

England, Scotland

Added by Beneš and Krístek (1976).

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

Wong, 1975

England, Scotland, Wales

(Forsslund, 1936)

Forsslund 1936

Lindqvist, 1968

England

(Tischbein, 1853)

Tischbein, 1853

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Liston, 1993

Lindqvist, 1952 unavailable name

Liston, 1993

(Lindqvist, 1952,

(Zaddach, 1883): Liston, 1981a misident.

Scotland

Added by Liston (1981a).

Lindqvist, 1952 is preoccupied in by Serville, 1823. The names and are to be regarded as identical spellings: Article 58.14. (ICZN 1999). Serville, 1823 is a species inquirenda, not a synonym of Serville, 1823 or (Dahlbom, 1835) (see Lacourt 2000). The conditions of Article 23.9., permitting continued use of the junior homonym as valid, are not fulfilled for (Lindqvist) because this has only been used as a valid name on twenty occasions in works published within the last 50 years (23.9.1.2.).

Liston, 1993

Lindqvist, 1952 unavailable name

(Boheman, 1852)

Boheman, 1852

(Thomson, 1863,

England

(Konow, 1904)

Konow, 1904

(Cameron, 1885,

(Enslin, 1916,

Scotland

Taxonomy follows Liston et al. (2006).

(Cameron, 1882)

Cameron, 1882

(Kiaer, 1898,

(Konow, 1904,

(Enslin, 1916,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Fallén, 1808,

England, Scotland, Wales

(Ruthe, 1859)

Ruthe, 1859

(Thomson, 1871,

(Konow, 1904,

Scotland

(Lindqvist, 1952)

Lindqvist, 1952

: misspelling

Scotland

Predominant usage is of this spelling, not , which would be correct according to ICZN Article 32.5.2 (ICZN 1999). Following ICZN (Article 33.3.1) the use of the predominant spelling is maintained.

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

(Cameron, 1881,

(Holmgren, 1883,

England, Scotland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Cameron, 1878,

(Lindqvist, 1960,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Lindqvist, 1952)

Lindqvist, 1952

(Konow, 1904): Benson, 1934 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Konow, 1890

Marlatt, 1896

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Marlatt, 1896,

England

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

England, Wales, Ireland

(Zaddach, 1876)

Zaddach, 1876

(Thomson, 1862,

(Kirby, 1882,

(Malaise, 1921,

: misspelling

England

(Hartig, 1840)

Hartig, 1840

(Cameron, 1878,

England, Wales, Ireland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

Scotland

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

(Konow, 1904)

Konow, 1904

(Costa, 1859): misident.

Scotland, Ireland

Added by O'Connor and Liston (1994).

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Förster, 1854,

(Cameron, 1882,

(Brischke, 1883,

(Konow, 1903,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Latreille, 1810

Hartig, 1837

(Konow, 1903)

Konow, 1903

Konow, 1901: Benson, 1934 misident.

England

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Fallén, 1808,

Serville, 1823: misident.

England, Wales

See Vikberg (2006) on taxonomy.

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

Serville, 1823, preocc.

Walsh, 1866

Serville, 1823: misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Thomson, 1862)

Thomson, 1862

(Hartig, 1837,

(Cameron, 1884,

(Cameron, 1885,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Hellén, 1948)

Hellén, 1948

Scotland

(Hartig, 1837)

Hartig, 1837

(Thomson, 1871,

Benson, 1943

(Kriechbaumer, 1884): misident.

England, Ireland

Newman, 1837

(Hartig, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Possibly two British species occur under this name: one mainly in the lowlands with hostplant , the other montane with host . Whilst seems to be the correct name for the more brightly coloured lowland taxon, until a revision is made of the numerous supposed synonyms of , the name for the species on is unclear.

Lindqvist, 1955

England, Scotland, Wales

Lindqvist, 1955

England, Scotland

(Dahlbom, 1835)

Dahlbom, 1835

England

Konow, 1902

Lacourt, 1987: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Contrary to the opinion of Lacourt (1987), we do not consider this taxon to be synonymous with (Fallén, 1808) ( sensu Lacourt), nor with Malaise, 1939 (= Lacourt, 1987) as previously treated by Liston (1995), who replaced the name with Lacourt on the grounds that the name is preoccupied in by Hartig, 1840. was at that time considered to be a synonym of (Hartig, 1837). According to Schmidt (in Lacourt 1999), Hartig actually belongs to , thus removing the homonymy. differs from not only in the more extensively pale abdomen (without intermediate specimens), but also in details of the structure of the saw, and is probably attached only to species, whereas is polyphagous on various .

(Hartig, 1840)

Hartig, 1840

England, Ireland

Rohwer, 1910

Malaise, 1931

Lacourt, 1976

Koch, 1989

(Konow, 1904): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Synonymy follows Haris (2006).

(Hellén, 1948)

Hellén, 1948

England, Scotland

Added by Grearson (2006).

Lindqvist, 1955

Lindqvist, 1964

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Added by O'Connor et al. (1997).

See Vikberg (2006) on taxonomy.

(Hartig, 1840)

Hartig, 1840

(R. Stein, 1885,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Hartig, 1840,

(Tischbein, 1840,

(Eversmann, 1847,

(Eversmann, 1847,

(Eversmann, 1847,

(Förster, 1854,

(Zaddach, 1883,

(Fabricius, 1804): Stephens, 1835 misident.

(Hartig, 1837): Cameron, 1874 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Olivier, 1811)

Olivier, 1811

(Hartig, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

(Vollenhoven, 1866,

(Hartig, 1840): misident.

England, Scotland

(Ruthe, 1859)

Ruthe, 1859

Kincaid, 1900

Malaise, 1921

Benson, 1935

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

was recorded as British by Benson (1935), but later treated by him as a synonym of . V. Vikberg considers to represent a valid species (see Zhelochovtsev 1988). Probably both species occur in the British Isles.

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

England, Wales

Characterisation of by Zhelochovtsev (1988) is based on misidentification by Lindqvist (1973) of , or a similar species.

Lindqvist, 1955

England

Recorded by Lindqvist (1955) from Great Britain, but in the reprints of this paper which he distributed, “Grossbritannien” is scored out. Therefore this record is considered to be based on a misidentification. However, J. Grearson has recently taken females in England, identity confirmed by V. Vikberg after comparison with the holotype (Grearson, in preparation).

(Jurine, 1807)

Jurine, 1807

(Retzius, 1783,

(Cameron, 1878,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Kriechbaumer, 1884)

Kriechbaumer, 1884

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

Wong, 1969

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Cameron, 1883,

(Cameron, 1885,

England, Scotland, Wales

(Förster, 1854)

Förster, 1854

(Fallén, 1808,

(Cameron, 1876,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Benson, 1938

Hering, 1934

Conde, 1934

(Hering, 1924)

Hering, 1924

(Lindqvist, 1949,

England

Konow, 1885

Hartig, 1837 preocc.

Hering, 1934

(Hering, 1923)

Hering, 1923

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Hartig, 1837,

(Cameron, 1877,

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

Scotland

Added by Liston and Blank (2006).

Lacourt, 1998

Benson, 1953

Benson, 1948 preocc.

(Hartig, 1840)

Hartig, 1840

(Fabricius, 1804): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Thomson, 1871

Takeuchi, 1941

Hartig, 1837

Enslin, 1913

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Thomson, 1871,

(Vollenhoven, 1873,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Not a synonym of . See Chevin (1980). There is a major divergence in opinion regarding the association of the sexes of these species: compare, for example, Blank (1998), Chevin (1980) and Benson (1952), Benson (1968).

(Konow, 1885)

Konow, 1885

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1760)

Linnaeus, 1760

(Klug, 1816,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Thomson, 1871)

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

Panzer, 1801

Goulet, 1986

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Serville, 1823

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Klug, 1818,

Cameron, 1877

Konow, 1887: ?misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Hartig, 1837

Zaddach, 1859

Cameron, 1881

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

Konow, 1885

England, Wales

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

England

Goulet, 1986

Klug, 1818

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

Zaddach, 1859: Benson, 1934 misident.

: Benson, 1952

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Panzer, 1801

Jurine, 1801 suppressed

Leach, 1817

Thomson, 1871

Serville, 1823 nom. ob.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Fabricius, 1804,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Serville, 1823

(Klug, 1818,

(Stephens, 1835,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Fabricius, 1775)

Fabricius, 1775

(Stephens, 1835,

(Scopoli, 1763): Cameron, 1882 misident.

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

André, 1880

Konow, 1897

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Norton, 1872

Cameron, 1881

Konow, 1895

Kiaer, 1898

Hartig, 1837: Benson, 1952 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

Haris (2000) regards as a species distinct from (= Kiaer). Benson (1935) had already drawn essentially the same conclusions. was subsequently (Benson 1952) regarded as a synonym of and latterly (Benson 1958: corrigenda) as a synonym of . Goulet (1986) concurred with the synonymy of and .

Taeger & Blank, 1996

: Goulet, 1986 misident.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Klug, 1818,

(Klug, 1818,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Konow, 1890

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

(Klug, 1818)

England, Scotland

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

England, Wales

Goulet, 1986

Kirby, 1882

(Klug, 1818,

: Benson, 1952

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Hartig, 1837

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

England, Scotland, Wales

Zaddach, 1859

Zaddach, 1859

Cameron, 1882

Hartig, 1837: misident.

England, Scotland

Previous records of from Wales and Ireland require checking, because they may refer to (below), recently distinguished by Heidemaa et al. (2004). English specimens of , leg. K. J. Grearson, have been determined by M. Heidemaa. The only evidence for the presence of in Scotland is the determination of a syntype specimen of in NHM, examined by Heidemaa et al. (2004) and identified as . Cameron (1882) described from “Braemar, Rannoch, Clydesdale”.

Zaddach, 1859

Zaddach, 1859: misident.

England, Scotland

Only recently distinguished from (see above). A specimen collected by K. J. Grearson in England has been determined as by M. Heidemaa.

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

England, Scotland

Stephens, 1835

(Klug, 1818): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

England, Scotland, Wales

(Schrank, 1781)

Schrank, 1781

(Donovan, 1808,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Benson, 1947

Scotland

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Heidemaa (2004) established that (below) has hitherto been confused with . is confirmed as present in Britain by M. Heidemaa (pers. comm.) based on material collected by A. Barker.

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Müller, 1776)

Müller, 1776

Hartig, 1837

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Zaddach, 1859

Konow, 1890

Ross, 1935

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1818)

Klug, 1818

Cameron, 1881

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Cameron, 1882

Zaddach, 1859: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Konow, 1884

England, Scotland

See under (above). is present in Britain according to determinations made by M. Heidemaa: England, leg. K. J. Grearson and Scotland, leg. A. Barker.

Förster, 1860

Cameron, 1881

England, Scotland, Wales

Hartig, 1837

Konow, 1884

Dalla Torre, 1894

: Benson, 1947 misident. and misspelling

Thomson, 1871: misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Taxonomy follows Heidemaa (2004).

Lacourt, 1998

Malaise, 1944

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Hartig, 1837,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Rohwer, 1910

Benson, 1939

Konow, 1907: misident.

(Fabricius, 1781)

Fabricius, 1781

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Thomson, 1871

Curtis, 1839

Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 preocc.

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

(Lepeletier & Serville, 1828,

Curtis, 1839

(Thomson, 1870,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1885)

Konow 1885

(Groenblom, 1939,

England, Scotland, Wales

Leach, 1817

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

Vollenhoven, 1858

Zaddach, 1859

Thomson, 1871

Stephens, 1835: Kirby, 1882 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

(Fabricius, 1793)

Fabricius, 1793

Stephens, 1835

Konow, 1885

Benson, 1954

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Ashmead, 1898

Conde, 1932

(Cameron, 1879)

Cameron, 1879

Conde, 1932

(Klug, 1817): Cameron, 1874 misident.

(Konow, 1885): misident.

England, Scotland

Konow, 1885

Malaise, 1942

: misspelling

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

(Klug, 1817,

Vollenhoven, 1869

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Dahlbom, 1835

Costa, 1894

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

✝England

Extinct; recorded only on the basis of a single specimen by Bold (1873). The present whereabouts of the specimen are unknown.

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

(Konow, 1885,

(Klug, 1817): Cameron, 1874 misident. and misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

Cameron, 1875

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Christ, 1791,

(Stephens, 1835,

(Fabricius, 1793): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Stephens, 1835)

Stephens, 1829

Thomson, 1871

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales

Latreille, 1802

Benson, 1946

Dahlbom, 1835

Enslin, 1913

(Schrank, 1776)

Schrank, 1776

England, Scotland, Wales

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

England, Scotland

Costa, 1859

England, Wales

Added by Liston (1983a).

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Klug, 1817,

England, Wales

(Fabricius, 1775)

Fabricius, 1775

England

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Scopoli, 1763)

Scopoli, 1763

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

(Schrank, 1776,

Konow, 1884: Liston, 1987 misident.

England, Wales, Ireland

(Schrank, 1781)

Schrank, 1781

England, Wales

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Newman, 1837,

(Panzer, 1801): Cameron, 1882 misident.

England, Wales

Hartig, 1837

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Kriechbaumer, 1874

Wales

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

England, Scotland, Wales

(Fallén, 1808)

Fallén, 1808

England, Scotland, Wales

Rohwer, 1911

W. F. Kirby, 1882

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

(Fallén, 1808,

(Serville, 1823,

Fallén, 1808: Thomson, 1870 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Scopoli, 1763)

Scopoli, 1763

(Fabricius, 1779,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Hartig, 1837

Hartig, 1837

(Panzer, 1803)

Panzer, 1803

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Costa, 1859

Costa, 1859

Konow, 1884

Enslin, 1913

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

Cameron, 1881

Konow, 1887

(Klug, 1817): Cameron, 1882 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1884)

Konow, 1884

(Geoffroy, 1785,

(Konow, 1884,

Konow, 1887

Konow, 1890

(Fabricius, 1775): misident.

England, Scotland

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

(Linnaeus, 1767,

(Geoffroy, 1785,

(Serville, 1823,

(Stephens, 1835,

(Stephens, 1835,

Cameron, 1881

Cameron, 1881

Konow, 1896

England, Scotland, Wales

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Linnaeus, 1767

(Schrank, 1781,

(Serville, 1823,

(Stephens, 1835,

(Stephens, 1835,

Cameron, 1881

Cameron, 1881

Cameron, 1881

Cameron, 1881

Cameron, 1881

(Konow, 1884,

Konow, 1887

Konow, 1890

Morice, 1914

(Klug, 1817): misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Serville, 1823)

Serville, 1823

(Thomson, 1870,

: Benson, 1968 misident. and misspelling

England, Scotland

(Fabricius, 1804)

Fabricius, 1804

(Serville, 1823,

Cameron, 1881

Cameron, 1881

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1890

Konow, 1899

: misident.

(Linnaeus, 1758): misident.

England, Scotland, Ireland

Latreille, 1802

Benson, 1946

Lacourt, 1996

(Benson, 1947)

Benson, 1947

England, Scotland, Wales

(Benson, 1947)

Benson, 1947

England, Scotland, Wales

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

England, Wales

Konow, 1884

Konow, 1885

(Benson, 1943)

Benson, 1943

England, Scotland, Wales

(Benson, 1943)

Benson, 1943

Lindqvist, 1959

England, Scotland

(Klug, 1817)

Klug, 1817

England, Scotland, Wales

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

(Klug, 1817,

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Stephens, 1835

Cameron, 1882: misspelling

(Klug, 1816)

Klug, 1816

England

Konow, 1890

(Fabricius, 1775): misident.

England, Scotland

Linnaeus, 1758

Rohwer, 1910

Benson, 1940

Zirngiebl, 1953

Zirngiebl, 1956

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Lacourt, 1988

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Zhelochovtsev, 1988

Lacourt, 1998

Gravenhorst, 1807

Klug, 1817

(Costa, 1894,

England, Wales

Forster, 1771

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Linnaeus, 1758

Klug, 1817

Cameron, 1882

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Spinola, 1846

Geoffroy, 1785: Cameron, 1882 misident.

Gmelin, 1790: misident.

England

The subspecies (Konow, 1894, ) is represented in Britain; this taxon was placed for a time by Benson as a subspecies of the more continental Gmelin, 1790, but his opinion is not supported by data on distribution and morphology. Lacourt (1999) treated as a northern subspecies of (nominate subspecies confined to Spain and Portugal). The latter treatment is supported by results of COI barcoding (unpublished).

Klug, 1817

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Konow, 1886)

Konow, 1886

(Konow, 1888,

Enslin, 1912

Benson, 1952

(Kriechbaumer, 1869): Benson, 1940 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Klug, 1817

Kirby, 1882

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(R. Stein, 1885)

R. Stein, 1885

England

Panzer, 1798

Scopoli, 1763: Cameron, 1882 misident.

England, Scotland

Schrank, 1776

Panzer, 1799

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Klug, 1817

Scotland

Added by Liston et al. (2012).

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Geoffroy, 1785

England, Scotland, Wales

Fabricius, 1804

England, Scotland, Wales

Linnaeus, 1758

: misspelling

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Enslin, 1912)

Enslin, 1912

England, Scotland, Ireland

Klug, 1817

Cameron, 1878

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Zombori, 1980

Taeger, 1985

(Panzer, 1803): Benson, 1952 misident.

Scopoli, 1763: Cameron misident.

Rossi, 1790: Cameron misident.

England

Possibly extinct in Britain.

Klug, 1817

(Morice, 1919,

Klug, 1817: Benson, 1959 misident.

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Klug, 1817

England, Scotland, Ireland

Klug, 1817

England, Scotland, Wales

(Förster, 1844)

Förster, 1844

Fabricius, 1793: Thomson, 1871 misident.

England

Klug, 1817

England

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales

Mol, 2013

England

Added by Knight & Liston (in prep.).

Scopoli, 1763

Linnaeus, 1767

Benson, 1953

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

(Curtis, 1839)

Curtis, 1839

Fabricius, 1793: misident.

England, Wales

Fabricius, 1798

Cameron, 1878 infrasubspecific name

England, Scotland, Wales

Retzius, 1783

Geoffroy, 1785: misident.

Fabricius, 1804

Fallén, 1808

England, Scotland, Wales

Klug, 1817

Fallén, 1808: Cameron, 1882 misident.

England

Superfamily  Leach, 1819

Leach, 1819

Leach, 1819

Latreille, 1802

Klug, 1803

Fallén, 1813

Lamarck, 1817

Billberg, 1820

Lepeletier, 1823

Brauns, 1884

Enslin, 1911

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

England, Scotland, Wales

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

England

Added by Shaw and Liston (1985).

(Geoffroy, 1785)

Geoffroy, 1785

Fabricius, 1787

England, Wales

Newman, 1834

Newman, 1834

Newman, 1834

Dalman, 1819

Brébisson, 1818 preocc.

Benson, 1938

Benson, 1938

England, Wales

Added by Liston and Blank (2006).

(Brébisson, 1818)

Brébisson, 1818

England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

Dalman, 1819

Thomson, 1871

Scotland