Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea.

BACKGROUND: A revised checklist of the British and Irish Heloridae and Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupoidea) substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. NEW INFORMATION: A total of three Heloridae and 39 Proctotrupidae (including only certainly recorded species) represents a 27% increase in the British list since 1978. Most species are still poorly known and there has been a dearth of taxonomic and faunistic work on the British and Irish fauna.

Introduction

This paper is part of a series of new checklists to the British and Irish fauna, that started with Broad and Livermore (2014b), Broad and Livermore (2014a) and Liston et al. (2014)and is the first update to the checklist since 1978 (Fitton et al. 1978). Proctotrupoids are koinobiont endoparasitoids of holometabolous insect larvae. Although Proctrotrupidae can be common and readily collected by sweep netting or Malaise traps, the superfamily is poorly known biologically. are parasitoids of and, to a lesser extent, larvae, with one extraordinary host record from a centipede, whereas have been reared from larvae (biology summarised in Gauld and Bolton 1988). Extralimital families attack and , or (, , ) are completely unknown biologically.

The superfamily '' has generally been a welcoming home to a variety of parasitoid groups and recognised as not being monophyletic (Rasnitsyn 1988, Ronquist et al. 1999, Dowton and Austin 2001); in the 1978 checklist (Fitton et al. 1978) the and were included in the . The removal of the , and to their own superfamily () has recently gained acceptance (e.g. Klopfstein et al. 2013). The as presently defined (e.g. Sharkey 2007) now comprises the and in Britain and the extralimital families , , , , and .

There has been very little work on the British proctotrupoid fauna and most of what we know about the British and Irish derives from the global monograph of Townes and Townes (1981). Both families can be recognised instantly by their distinctive wing venation and they each have a characteristic habitus (Figs 1, 2, 3). A revision of the British fauna would undoubtedly reveal more species.

Figure 1.

Representative British . Förster, female, England, Herts., Aldbury, 2013, coll. G.R. Broad.

Figure 2.

Representative British . (Thomson), male, England, Herefordshire, Mary Knoll Valley, 21-24.5.2007, coll. D.G. Notton, NHMUK010209578.

Figure 3.

Representative British . (Schrank), female, England, Rothamsted, 26.9.1973, NHMUK010209579.

Materials and methods

Much of the distribution data are taken from Townes and Townes (1981). Distribution data pertaining to Ireland are mostly from O'Connor et al. (2004). Other sources are referred to. There is an excellent online resource, The Proctotrupidae of the World. The taxonomy follows Townes and Townes (1981) and Townes (1977) with subsequent changes referenced. We have tried to account for every name on the 1978 checklist Fitton et al. (1978) and all additions to the fauna since then have been referenced. A more complete methodology and rationale behind the checklist can be found in Broad (2014). The following conventions and abbreviations are used here:

[] taxon deleted from the British and Irish list

NHM Natural History Museum, London

# known or suspected introductions with at least temporarily self-sustaining populations

? status (including uncertain synonymy) or identification in the British Isles uncertain

misident. has been misidentified as this name

nom. dub. nomen dubium, a name of unknown or doubtful application

nom. ob. nomen oblitum, ‘forgotten name’, does not have priority over a younger name

nom. nov. nomen novum, a replacement name

nom. nud. nomen nudum, an unavailable name, with no type specimen

preocc. name preoccupied (junior homonym)

stat. rev. status revocatus, revived status (e.g., raised from synonymy)

unavailable not meeting the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

var. variety, only available as a valid name under the provisions of article 45.6 of the ICZN

Alternative versions of the checklist, as a formatted Word document and Excel spreadsheet, are provided here in the supplementary materials: Suppl. materials 1, 2.

Photographs were taken using a Canon EOS 450D digital camera attached to a Leica MZ12 stereomicroscope and partially focused images were combined using Helicon Focus v.4.80 software.

Checklists

Förster, 1856

Notes

Distribution data from Townes (1977), Fergusson and Smith (1974), Cooter and Fergusson (1993) and O'Connor et al. (2004).

Latreille, 1802

Provancher, 1881

(Panzer, 1798)

Panzer, 1798

Latreille, 1802

(Provancher, 1881,

?

?

Distribution

England, Ireland

Förster, 1856

Thomson, 1858

England

Förster, 1856

Haliday, 1857

misspelling

Kieffer, 1907

England, Ireland

Latreille, 1802

Distribution data from Townes and Townes (1981) and O'Connor et al. (2004).

Hellén, 1941

(Nees, 1834)

Nees, 1834

England, Ireland

Panzer, 1801

Panzer, 1805

England, Ireland

(Förster, 1856)

Förster, 1856

(Hedicke, 1927,

(Nixon, 1938,

(Hellén, 1941,

England, Ireland

Listed as in Fergusson (1978).

Kieffer, 1907

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

(Nees, 1834,

(Kieffer, 1908,

Drake, 1970,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Townes, 1981

Ireland

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

(Provancher, 1881)

Provancher, 1881

(Kieffer, 1908,

(Kieffer, 1908,

Nixon, 1938

Szelényi, 1940

Ireland

(Thomson, 1858)

Thomson, 1858

Ireland

Förster, 1856

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

Förster, 1856

Förster, 1856

(Thomson, 1858,

(Thomson, 1858,

Harrington, 1900

Kieffer, 1906

Kieffer, 1906

Kieffer, 1907

Whittaker, 1930

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Thomson, 1858)

Thomson, 1858

Kieffer, 1907

England, Scotland, Ireland

Kieffer, 1904

unplaced species of :

[ Kieffer, 1908 nom. dub., from England]

Kieffer, 1904

(Gravenhorst, 1807)

Gravenhorst, 1807

(Dalla Torre, 1898,

Kieffer, 1908

Kieffer, 1908

Kieffer, 1908

Nixon, 1938

England, Ireland

Townes, 1981

England, Ireland

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Nixon, 1938

England, Ireland

(Nees, 1834)

Nees, 1834

(Thomson, 1858,

Kieffer, 1908

Kieffer, 1908

England, Scotland

Listed, as (Kieffer), as doubtfully British by Fergusson (1978); status as a British species confirmed by Townes and Townes (1981).

Kieffer, 1904

England, Scotland, Ireland

(Nees, 1834)

Nees, 1834

England, Ireland

(Nees, 1834)

Nees, 1834

(Keiffer, 1908,

Scotland, Ireland

Kieffer, 1908

Kieffer, 1908

England, Ireland

Listed as a synonym of in Fergusson (1978).

Townes, 1981

England, Scotland, Ireland

Townes, 1981

England

Morley, 1922

misident.

(Tomšík, 1942,

England, Ireland

(Ashmead, 1893)

Ashmead, 1893

Kieffer, 1908

(Morley, 1922,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Recorded by Townes and Townes (1981).

Kieffer, 1908

Nixon, 1938

England, Ireland

Townes, 1981

England, Ireland

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Kieffer, 1908

Kieffer, 1908

(Cameron, 1912,

(Enderlein, 1916,

Brues, 1919

Williams, 1932

England, Ireland

added by Townes and Townes (1981)

Kieffer, 1904

Kieffer, 1904

Kieffer, 1908

England, Ireland

Although excluded from the Irish list by O'Connor et al. (2004), the locality ‘Tanrego’ quoted by Townes and Townes (1981) refers to an estate in Sligo.

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

Kieffer, 1908

England, Scotland, Ireland

Townes, 1981

(Stelfox, 1950)

Stelfox, 1950

(Kozlov, 1971,

Ireland

Kieffer, 1907

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

(Thomson, 1858,

Kieffer, 1907

Ireland

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

(Thomson, 1858,

England, Ireland

Kieffer, 1908

Morley, 1931

(Morley, 1922)

Morley, 1922

Nixon, 1938

England, Ireland

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

Scotland, Ireland

Tomšík, 1942

Ireland

(Jurine, 1807)

Jurine, 1807

(Brullé, 1846,

(Kieffer, 1908,

England, Ireland

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

(Haliday, 1839,

(Förster, 1861,

(Vollenhoven, 1879,

England, Ireland

Pschorn-Walcher, 1958

species of removed from the British and Irish list:

[ Townes, 1981] Fauna Europaea lists as occurring in Britain and France but Townes and Townes (1981) state that this species is only found in Japan, and no literature citations for its European occurrence can be traced.

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

(Thomson, 1858,

(Thomson, 1858,

(Kieffer, 1908,

(Kieffer, 1908,

England, Scotland, Ireland

Latreille, 1796

Schrank, 1780

Walckanaer, 1802

Rafinesque, 1815

Aggasiz, 1846

Gistel, 1848

(Schrank, 1780)

Schrank, 1780

(Olivier, 1792,

(Fabricius, 1798,

(Fabricius, 1798,

(Walckenaer, 1802,

Latreille, 1802

Haliday, 1839

Haliday, 1839

(Kieffer, 1908,

(Tomšík, 1944,

(Samedov, 1954,

England, Ireland

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Linnaeus, 1758

Gribodo, 1880

Provancher, 1881

Szépligeti, 1901

Matsumura, 1912

(Brues, 1919,

England, Ireland

(Kieffer, 1908, ) removed from synonymy by Notton (2007).

Townes, 1981

species of removed from the British and Irish list:

[ (Möller, 1882, )] Listed as British by Fergusson (1978) as was then considered to be a junior synonym of .

(Haliday, 1839)

Haliday, 1839

(Kieffer, 1908,

(Brues, 1919,

England, Ireland

(Nixon, 1942)

Nixon, 1942

England, Ireland

Checklist of British and Irish

Data type: formatted text

Brief description: Word document version of the checklist

File: oo_74853.docx

Checklist of British and Irish

Data type: spreadsheet

Brief description: Excel spreadsheet version of the checklist

File: oo_84638.xlsx