Behnam Akhbari1, Mahyar Salavati1, Jalal Ahadi2, Forough Ferdowsi1, Alireza Sarmadi3, Sohrab Keyhani4, Farshid Mohammadi5. 1. Physiotherapy Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, Iran. 2. Physiotherapy Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, Iran. ahadi_jalal@yahoo.com. 3. Physiotherapy Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 Bus 1501, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium. farshid_mohammadi@yahoo.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of balance and cognitive performance in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient (ACLD) and ACL-reconstructed (ACLR) and matched athletes. METHODS: Using SMART EquiTest, recovery reactions of the groups were assessed during single-leg standing, following medium and large forward perturbations with and without performing a cognitive (Stroop) task. The outcomes included reaction time (RT), latency and amplitude for balance and error ratio (ER) and RT for cognitive performance. The participants of each group repeated the tests 2-7 days after the first session. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement were computed in order to assess relative and absolute reliability, respectively. RESULTS: Single- and dual-task balance measures had moderate to very high reliability in ACLD (ICC = 0.63-0.88), ACLR (ICC = 0.62-0.93) and control (ICC = 0.69-0.98) athletes. The ICCs for RT of Stroop were between 0.87 and 0.90 in ACLD, between 0.70 and 0.74 in ACLR and between 0.66 and 0.70 in controls and for ER of Stroop were between 0.36 and 0.90 in ACLD, between 0.42 and 0.49 in ACLR and between 0.41 and 0.51 in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Balance measures and RT of the cognitive task in single- and dual-task conditions have acceptable reliability and may be incorporated into the evaluation of physical and mental function of athletes following ACL injury and reconstruction. ER of the cognitive task is less reliable which needs to be considered in future research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, case-control, Level III.
PURPOSE: To determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of balance and cognitive performance in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient (ACLD) and ACL-reconstructed (ACLR) and matched athletes. METHODS: Using SMART EquiTest, recovery reactions of the groups were assessed during single-leg standing, following medium and large forward perturbations with and without performing a cognitive (Stroop) task. The outcomes included reaction time (RT), latency and amplitude for balance and error ratio (ER) and RT for cognitive performance. The participants of each group repeated the tests 2-7 days after the first session. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement were computed in order to assess relative and absolute reliability, respectively. RESULTS: Single- and dual-task balance measures had moderate to very high reliability in ACLD (ICC = 0.63-0.88), ACLR (ICC = 0.62-0.93) and control (ICC = 0.69-0.98) athletes. The ICCs for RT of Stroop were between 0.87 and 0.90 in ACLD, between 0.70 and 0.74 in ACLR and between 0.66 and 0.70 in controls and for ER of Stroop were between 0.36 and 0.90 in ACLD, between 0.42 and 0.49 in ACLR and between 0.41 and 0.51 in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Balance measures and RT of the cognitive task in single- and dual-task conditions have acceptable reliability and may be incorporated into the evaluation of physical and mental function of athletes following ACL injury and reconstruction. ER of the cognitive task is less reliable which needs to be considered in future research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, case-control, Level III.
Authors: C Leitner; P Mair; B Paul; F Wick; C Mittermaier; T Sycha; G Ebenbichler Journal: J Electromyogr Kinesiol Date: 2007-11-26 Impact factor: 2.368
Authors: Afsaneh Zeinalzadeh; Salman Nazary-Moghadam; Sayyed Hadi Sayyed Hoseinian; Mohammad H Ebrahimzadeh; Esmaeel Imani; Samira Karimpour Journal: Arch Bone Jt Surg Date: 2021-01