Keiko Watanabe1, Yale D Cho2. 1. Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: keiko@uic.edu. 2. Undergraduate Program, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a conglomerate of several physical conditions/diseases that, as a group, increases the risk of mortality resulting from development of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These conditions/diseases include glucose intolerance/insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. The results from epidemiological studies suggest that there is an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis, it is therefore important to understand the current status of the association and a possible contribution of periodontitis to MetS. OBJECTIVE: This review will qualitatively analyze published papers on the association of MetS and periodontitis/periodontal disease to clarify the current status of the association and suggest future directions for studies which may unravel the causal relationship between them. RESULTS: Of 309 papers related to MetS and periodontitis, 26 are original research papers that investigated the relationship/association between periodontal disease and MetS. Criteria used to assess periodontitis and MetS as well as overall study designs and patient recruitment criteria varied greatly among these studies. CONCLUSION: All these studies demonstrated a positive association between periodontal disease and MetS. However, due to the heterogeneity of criteria to assess periodontitis and MetS and also paucity of longitudinal studies, it is difficult to determine the relative contribution of periodontitis to MetS. Age and the number of positive components of MetS appear to strengthen the relationship, however, incidence of each disease entity increases with ageing. Thus, mechanistic studies are also necessary to unravel the inter-relationship between periodontitis and MetS. In this regard, a use of animal models will be helpful as they are more uniform in regards to genetic background and have minimum confounding factors. Finally, development of accurate, quantitative assessment of gingival inflammation are necessary in order to determine the influence of periodontal disease on the development of MetS and its components.
BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a conglomerate of several physical conditions/diseases that, as a group, increases the risk of mortality resulting from development of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These conditions/diseases include glucose intolerance/insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. The results from epidemiological studies suggest that there is an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis, it is therefore important to understand the current status of the association and a possible contribution of periodontitis to MetS. OBJECTIVE: This review will qualitatively analyze published papers on the association of MetS and periodontitis/periodontal disease to clarify the current status of the association and suggest future directions for studies which may unravel the causal relationship between them. RESULTS: Of 309 papers related to MetS and periodontitis, 26 are original research papers that investigated the relationship/association between periodontal disease and MetS. Criteria used to assess periodontitis and MetS as well as overall study designs and patient recruitment criteria varied greatly among these studies. CONCLUSION: All these studies demonstrated a positive association between periodontal disease and MetS. However, due to the heterogeneity of criteria to assess periodontitis and MetS and also paucity of longitudinal studies, it is difficult to determine the relative contribution of periodontitis to MetS. Age and the number of positive components of MetS appear to strengthen the relationship, however, incidence of each disease entity increases with ageing. Thus, mechanistic studies are also necessary to unravel the inter-relationship between periodontitis and MetS. In this regard, a use of animal models will be helpful as they are more uniform in regards to genetic background and have minimum confounding factors. Finally, development of accurate, quantitative assessment of gingival inflammation are necessary in order to determine the influence of periodontal disease on the development of MetS and its components.
Authors: Mark J Nesbitt; Mark A Reynolds; Harlan Shiau; Kyong Choe; Eleanor M Simonsick; Luigi Ferrucci Journal: Aging Clin Exp Res Date: 2010-06 Impact factor: 3.636
Authors: David E Laaksonen; Hanna-Maaria Lakka; Leo K Niskanen; George A Kaplan; Jukka T Salonen; Timo A Lakka Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2002-12-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Vladimir Ilievski; Jason M Kinchen; Ramya Prabhu; Fadi Rim; Lara Leoni; Terry G Unterman; Keiko Watanabe Journal: J Oral Biol (Northborough) Date: 2016-04-23
Authors: Jenna L Riis; Crystal I Bryce; Marla J Matin; John L Stebbins; Olga Kornienko; Lauren van Huisstede; Douglas A Granger Journal: Biomark Med Date: 2018-06-06 Impact factor: 2.851