Verónica Iglesias1, Marcia Erazo2, Andrea Droppelmann3, Kyle Steenland4, Paulina Aceituno5, Cecilia Orellana5, Marisol Acuña6, Armando Peruga7, Patrick N Breysse8, Ana Navas-Acien8. 1. School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. Electronic address: viglesia@med.uchile.cl. 2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. 3. Laboratory of Occupational Health, Institute of Public Health, Chile. Electronic address: perugaa@who.int. 4. Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 5. School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. 6. Tobacco Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Chile. 7. National Capacity Building Unit, Tobacco Control Program, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. 8. Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, and Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative contribution of occupational vs. non-occupational secondhand tobacco smoke exposure to overall hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking bar and restaurant employees. METHOD: We recruited 76 non-smoking employees from venues that allowed smoking (n=9), had mixed policies (smoking and non-smoking areas, n=13) or were smoke-free (n=2) between April and August 2008 in Santiago, Chile. Employees used personal air nicotine samplers during working and non-working hours for a 24-h period to assess occupational vs. non-occupational secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and hair nicotine concentrations to assess overall secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS: Median hair nicotine concentrations were 1.5 ng/mg, interquartile range (IQR) 0.7 to 5.2 ng/mg. Time weighted average personal air nicotine concentrations were higher during working hours (median 9.7, IQR 3.3-25.4 µg/m(3)) compared to non-working hours (1.7, 1.0-3.1 µg/m(3)). Hair nicotine concentration was best predicted by personal air nicotine concentration at working hours. After adjustment, a 2-fold increase in personal air nicotine concentration in working hours was associated with a 42% increase in hair nicotine concentration (95% confidence interval 14-70%). Hair nicotine concentration was not associated with personal air nicotine concentration during non-working hours (non-occupational exposure). CONCLUSIONS: Personal air nicotine concentration at working hours was the major determinant of hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking employees from Santiago, Chile. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure during working hours is a health hazard for hospitality employees working in venues where smoking is allowed.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative contribution of occupational vs. non-occupational secondhand tobacco smoke exposure to overall hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking bar and restaurant employees. METHOD: We recruited 76 non-smoking employees from venues that allowed smoking (n=9), had mixed policies (smoking and non-smoking areas, n=13) or were smoke-free (n=2) between April and August 2008 in Santiago, Chile. Employees used personal air nicotine samplers during working and non-working hours for a 24-h period to assess occupational vs. non-occupational secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and hair nicotine concentrations to assess overall secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS: Median hair nicotine concentrations were 1.5 ng/mg, interquartile range (IQR) 0.7 to 5.2 ng/mg. Time weighted average personal air nicotine concentrations were higher during working hours (median 9.7, IQR 3.3-25.4 µg/m(3)) compared to non-working hours (1.7, 1.0-3.1 µg/m(3)). Hair nicotine concentration was best predicted by personal air nicotine concentration at working hours. After adjustment, a 2-fold increase in personal air nicotine concentration in working hours was associated with a 42% increase in hair nicotine concentration (95% confidence interval 14-70%). Hair nicotine concentration was not associated with personal air nicotine concentration during non-working hours (non-occupational exposure). CONCLUSIONS: Personal air nicotine concentration at working hours was the major determinant of hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking employees from Santiago, Chile. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure during working hours is a health hazard for hospitality employees working in venues where smoking is allowed.
Authors: Miranda R Jones; Heather Wipfli; Shahida Shahrir; Erika Avila-Tang; Jonathan M Samet; Patrick N Breysse; Ana Navas-Acien Journal: Tob Control Date: 2012-01-24 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Daniel Menzies; Arun Nair; Peter A Williamson; Stuart Schembri; Mudher Z H Al-Khairalla; Martyn Barnes; Tom C Fardon; Lesley McFarlane; Gareth J Magee; Brian J Lipworth Journal: JAMA Date: 2006-10-11 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Joni A Jensen; Barbara A Schillo; Molly M Moilanen; Bruce R Lindgren; Sharon Murphy; Steven Carmella; Stephen S Hecht; Dorothy K Hatsukami Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2010-03-30 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Ana Navas-Acien; Armando Peruga; Patrick Breysse; Alfonso Zavaleta; Adriana Blanco-Marquizo; Raul Pitarque; Marisol Acuña; Katya Jiménez-Reyes; Vera L Colombo; Graciela Gamarra; Frances A Stillman; Jonathan Samet Journal: JAMA Date: 2004-06-09 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Katherine A Moon; Ana M Rule; Hoda S Magid; Jacqueline M Ferguson; Jolie Susan; Zhuolu Sun; Christine Torrey; Salahaddin Abubaker; Vladimir Levshin; Asli Çarkoglu; Ghada Nasr Radwan; Maha El-Rabbat; Joanna E Cohen; Paul Strickland; Patrick N Breysse; Ana Navas-Acien Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2018-03-06 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Ana Navas-Acien; Asli Çarkoğlu; Gül Ergör; Mutlu Hayran; Toker Ergüder; Bekir Kaplan; Jolie Susan; Hoda Magid; Jonathan Pollak; Joanna E Cohen Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2015-11-23 Impact factor: 9.408