The relationship between the survival of total knee arthroplasty and postoperative coronal, sagittal and rotational alignment of knee prosthesis.

PURPOSE: Our study sought to address four issues: (1) the relationship between postoperative overall anatomical knee alignment and the survival of total knee prostheses; (2) the relationship between postoperative coronal alignment of the femoral and tibial component and implant survival; (3) the relationship between postoperative sagittal alignment of the femoral and tibial components and implant survival; and (4) the relationship between postoperative rotational alignment of the femoral and tibial component and implant survival.
METHODS: We reviewed 1,696 consecutive patients (3,048 knees). Radiographic and computed tomographic examinations were performed to determine the alignment of the femoral and tibial components. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.8 years (range, 11-18 years).
RESULTS: Thirty (1.0%) of the 3,048 total knee arthroplasties failed for a reason other than infection and periprosthetic fracture. Risk factors for failure of the components were: overall anatomical knee alignment less than 3° valgus, coronal alignment of the femoral component less than 2.0° valgus, flexion of the femoral component greater than 3°, coronal alignment of the tibial component less than 90°, sagittal alignment of the tibial component less than 0° or greater than 7° slope, and external rotational alignment of the femoral and tibial components less than 2°
CONCLUSION: In order to improve the survival rate of the knee prosthesis, we believe that a surgeon should aim to place the total knee components in the position of: overall anatomical knee alignment at an angle of 3-7.5° valgus; femoral component alignment, 2-8.0° valgus; femoral sagittal alignment, 0-3°; tibial coronal alignment, 90°; tibial sagittal alignment, 0-7°; femoral rotational alignment, 2-5° external rotation; and tibial rotational alignment, 2-5° external rotation.