PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to review published data on pedicle dimensions and bony spinal canal diameters calculated from CT examinations of the cervical spine through the English-language literature and analyze these data for ethnic disparities and similarities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature on "pedicle" and "spinal canal" by conducting a bibliographic search using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Science Direct from January 1985 to December 2010. After evaluating all of the selected abstracts, we ultimately selected 19 studies involving living subjects: 12 studies on pedicle dimensions and 7 on spinal canal diameters. The four parameters, pedicle width (PW), pedicle transverse angle (PTA), anterior-posterior diameter of the spinal canal (APD), and transverse diameter of the spinal canal (TD), were analyzed at the relevant levels from C3 to C7. In addition, the values for pedicle dimensions and spinal canal diameters in the European/American populations were compared using the data from Asian populations as a baseline. RESULTS: The smallest mean PW was found at C4 in the male (5.1 mm) and female populations (4.1 mm); the largest mean PW was found at C7 in both male (7.7 mm) and female populations (7 mm). The PW in males was greater than in females at the majority of levels. The smallest mean PTA was found at C7 in both male (33.4°) and female populations (33°); the largest mean PTA was found at C4 in both male (53.2°) and female populations (52.1°). The overall PW, PTA, APD, and TD ratio of European/American to Asian populations was 91.4-98.8, 99.6-106.2, 110.7-122, and 100-108.3 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although our cervical spine CT data were suggestive of possible ethnic differences in spinal canal morphology, our analysis failed to identify significant ethnic disparity in pedicle dimensions despite potential differences in physique between populations.
PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to review published data on pedicle dimensions and bony spinal canal diameters calculated from CT examinations of the cervical spine through the English-language literature and analyze these data for ethnic disparities and similarities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature on "pedicle" and "spinal canal" by conducting a bibliographic search using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Science Direct from January 1985 to December 2010. After evaluating all of the selected abstracts, we ultimately selected 19 studies involving living subjects: 12 studies on pedicle dimensions and 7 on spinal canal diameters. The four parameters, pedicle width (PW), pedicle transverse angle (PTA), anterior-posterior diameter of the spinal canal (APD), and transverse diameter of the spinal canal (TD), were analyzed at the relevant levels from C3 to C7. In addition, the values for pedicle dimensions and spinal canal diameters in the European/American populations were compared using the data from Asian populations as a baseline. RESULTS: The smallest mean PW was found at C4 in the male (5.1 mm) and female populations (4.1 mm); the largest mean PW was found at C7 in both male (7.7 mm) and female populations (7 mm). The PW in males was greater than in females at the majority of levels. The smallest mean PTA was found at C7 in both male (33.4°) and female populations (33°); the largest mean PTA was found at C4 in both male (53.2°) and female populations (52.1°). The overall PW, PTA, APD, and TD ratio of European/American to Asian populations was 91.4-98.8, 99.6-106.2, 110.7-122, and 100-108.3 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although our cervical spine CT data were suggestive of possible ethnic differences in spinal canal morphology, our analysis failed to identify significant ethnic disparity in pedicle dimensions despite potential differences in physique between populations.
Authors: Andre Tomasino; Karishma Parikh; Heiko Koller; Walter Zink; A John Tsiouris; Jeremy Steinberger; Roger Härtl Journal: J Neurosurg Spine Date: 2010-07
Authors: Heiko Koller; Axel Hempfing; Frank Acosta; Michael Fox; Armin Scheiter; Mark Tauber; Ulrich Holz; Herbert Resch; Wolfgang Hitzl Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2008-01-26 Impact factor: 3.134
Authors: Raj D Rao; Satyajit V Marawar; Brian D Stemper; Narayan Yoganandan; Barry S Shender Journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am Date: 2008-09 Impact factor: 5.284
Authors: C E Lavecchia; D M Espino; K M Moerman; K M Tse; D Robinson; P V S Lee; D E T Shepherd Journal: J R Soc Interface Date: 2018-01 Impact factor: 4.118
Authors: Carlos Fernando Herrero; Anderson Luis do Nascimento; Daniel Augusto Carvalho Maranho; Narcélio Mendes Ferreira-Filho; Carolina Pinto Nogueira; Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa; Helton Luis Aparecido Defino Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2016-06 Impact factor: 1.889