PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of variations in femtosecond laser energy level on corneal stromal cell death and inflammatory cell influx following flap creation in a rabbit model. METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were stratified in three different groups according to level of energy applied for flap creation (six animals per group). Three different energy levels were chosen for both the lamellar and side cut: 2.7 microJ (high energy), 1.6 microJ (intermediate energy), and 0.5 microJ (low energy) with a 60 kHz, model II, femtosecond laser (IntraLase). The opposite eye of each rabbit served as a control. At the 24-hour time point after surgery, all rabbits were euthanized and the corneoscleral rims were analyzed for the levels of cell death and inflammatory cell influx with the terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunocytochemistry for monocyte marker CD11b, respectively. RESULTS: The high energy group (31.9+/-7.1 [standard error of mean (SEM) 2.9]) had significantly more TUNEL-positive cells in the central flap compared to the intermediate (22.2+/-1.9 [SEM 0.8], P=.004), low (17.9+/-4.0 [SEM 1.6], P< or =.001), and control eye (0.06+/-0.02 [SEM 0.009], P< or =.001) groups. The intermediate and low energy groups also had significantly more TUNEL-positive cells than the control groups (P< or =.001). The difference between the intermediate and low energy levels was not significant (P=.56). The mean for CD11b-positive cells/400x field at the flap edge was 26.1+/-29.3 (SEM 11.9), 5.8+/-4.1 (SEM 1.6), 1.6+/-4.1 (SEM 1.6), and 0.005+/-0.01 (SEM 0.005) for high energy, intermediate energy, low energy, and control groups, respectively. Only the intermediate energy group showed statistically more inflammatory cells than control eyes (P=.015), most likely due to variability between eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Higher energy levels trigger greater cell death when the femtosecond laser is used to create corneal flaps. Greater corneal inflammatory cell infiltration is observed with higher femtosecond laser energy levels. Copyright 2009, SLACK Incorporated.
PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of variations in femtosecond laser energy level on corneal stromal cell death and inflammatory cell influx following flap creation in a rabbit model. METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were stratified in three different groups according to level of energy applied for flap creation (six animals per group). Three different energy levels were chosen for both the lamellar and side cut: 2.7 microJ (high energy), 1.6 microJ (intermediate energy), and 0.5 microJ (low energy) with a 60 kHz, model II, femtosecond laser (IntraLase). The opposite eye of each rabbit served as a control. At the 24-hour time point after surgery, all rabbits were euthanized and the corneoscleral rims were analyzed for the levels of cell death and inflammatory cell influx with the terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunocytochemistry for monocyte marker CD11b, respectively. RESULTS: The high energy group (31.9+/-7.1 [standard error of mean (SEM) 2.9]) had significantly more TUNEL-positive cells in the central flap compared to the intermediate (22.2+/-1.9 [SEM 0.8], P=.004), low (17.9+/-4.0 [SEM 1.6], P< or =.001), and control eye (0.06+/-0.02 [SEM 0.009], P< or =.001) groups. The intermediate and low energy groups also had significantly more TUNEL-positive cells than the control groups (P< or =.001). The difference between the intermediate and low energy levels was not significant (P=.56). The mean for CD11b-positive cells/400x field at the flap edge was 26.1+/-29.3 (SEM 11.9), 5.8+/-4.1 (SEM 1.6), 1.6+/-4.1 (SEM 1.6), and 0.005+/-0.01 (SEM 0.005) for high energy, intermediate energy, low energy, and control groups, respectively. Only the intermediate energy group showed statistically more inflammatory cells than control eyes (P=.015), most likely due to variability between eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Higher energy levels trigger greater cell death when the femtosecond laser is used to create corneal flaps. Greater corneal inflammatory cell infiltration is observed with higher femtosecond laser energy levels. Copyright 2009, SLACK Incorporated.
Authors: J W Hong; J J Liu; J S Lee; R R Mohan; R R Mohan; D J Woods; Y G He; S E Wilson Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2001-11 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Steven E Wilson; Rajiv R Mohan; Marcelo Netto; Victor Perez; Dan Possin; Jing Huang; Robert Kwon; Andrei Alekseev; Juan P Rodriguez-Perez Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2004-07 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Fabricio W Medeiros; William M Stapleton; Jeffery Hammel; Ronald R Krueger; Marcelo V Netto; Steven E Wilson Journal: J Refract Surg Date: 2007-11 Impact factor: 3.573
Authors: Marcelo V Netto; Rajiv R Mohan; Fabricio W Medeiros; William J Dupps; Sunilima Sinha; Ronald R Krueger; W Michael Stapleton; Mary Rayborn; Chikako Suto; Steven E Wilson Journal: J Refract Surg Date: 2007-09 Impact factor: 3.573
Authors: Pilar Cañadas; Laura de Benito-Llopis; José Luis Hernández-Verdejo; Miguel A Teus Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2013-05-09 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Andrea Petznick; Annabel Chew; Reece C Hall; Cordelia Ml Chan; Mohamad Rosman; Donald Tan; Louis Tong; Jodhbir S Mehta Journal: Clin Ophthalmol Date: 2013-03-24