The roles of vision and proprioception in the planning of reaching movements.

While vision and proprioception can both provide information about arm configuration prior to movement, substantial evidence suggests that each modality is used for different stages of the planning process. In this chapter, we provide support for the idea that vision is mainly used to define the trajectory and the kinematics of reaching movements. Proprioception appears to be critical in the transformation of this plan into the motor commands sent to the arm muscles.