BACKGROUND/AIMS: To examine the incremental effect of patients' dependence on others, on cost of medical and nonmedical care, and on informal caregiving hours over time. METHODS: Data are obtained from 172 patients from the Predictors Study, a large, multicenter cohort of patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) followed annually for 4 years in 3 University-based AD centers in the USA. Enrollment required a modified Mini-Mental State Examination score >or=30. We examined the effects of patient dependence (measured by the Dependence Scale, DS) and function (measured by the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, BDRS) on medical care cost, nonmedical care cost, and informal caregiving time using random effects regression models. RESULTS: A one-point increase in DS score was associated with a 5.7% increase in medical cost, a 10.5% increase in nonmedical cost, and a 4.1% increase in caregiving time. A one-point increase in BDRS score was associated with a 7.6% increase in medical cost, a 3.9% increase in nonmedical cost and an 8.7% increase in caregiving time. CONCLUSIONS: Both functional impairment and patient dependence were associated with higher costs of care and caregiving time. Measures of functional impairment and patient dependence provide unique and incremental information on the overall impact of AD on patients and their caregivers. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To examine the incremental effect of patients' dependence on others, on cost of medical and nonmedical care, and on informal caregiving hours over time. METHODS: Data are obtained from 172 patients from the Predictors Study, a large, multicenter cohort of patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) followed annually for 4 years in 3 University-based AD centers in the USA. Enrollment required a modified Mini-Mental State Examination score >or=30. We examined the effects of patient dependence (measured by the Dependence Scale, DS) and function (measured by the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, BDRS) on medical care cost, nonmedical care cost, and informal caregiving time using random effects regression models. RESULTS: A one-point increase in DS score was associated with a 5.7% increase in medical cost, a 10.5% increase in nonmedical cost, and a 4.1% increase in caregiving time. A one-point increase in BDRS score was associated with a 7.6% increase in medical cost, a 3.9% increase in nonmedical cost and an 8.7% increase in caregiving time. CONCLUSIONS: Both functional impairment and patient dependence were associated with higher costs of care and caregiving time. Measures of functional impairment and patient dependence provide unique and incremental information on the overall impact of AD on patients and their caregivers. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Authors: Roee Holtzer; Ming-Xin Tang; D P Devanand; Steven M Albert; Domonick J Wegesin; Karen Marder; Karen Bell; Marilyn Albert; Jason Brandt; Yaakov Stern Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2003-07 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Carolyn W Zhu; Christopher Leibman; Trent McLaughlin; Nikolaos Scarmeas; Marilyn Albert; Jason Brandt; Deborah Blacker; Mary Sano; Yaakov Stern Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2008-07-24 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Carolyn W Zhu; Mary Sano; Steven H Ferris; Peter J Whitehouse; Marian B Patterson; Paul S Aisen Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2013-02-15 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Gail B Rattinger; Elizabeth B Fauth; Stephanie Behrens; Chelsea Sanders; Sarah Schwartz; Maria C Norton; Chris Corcoran; C Daniel Mullins; Constantine G Lyketsos; JoAnn T Tschanz Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2016-04-18 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: André Hajek; Christian Brettschneider; Annette Ernst; Tina Posselt; Birgitt Wiese; Jana Prokein; Siegfried Weyerer; Jochen Werle; Angela Fuchs; Michael Pentzek; Janine Stein; Steffi G Riedel-Heller; Horst Bickel; Edelgard Mösch; Kathrin Heser; Frank Jessen; Wolfgang Maier; Martin Scherer; Hans-Helmut König Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2015-10-23 Impact factor: 4.328