Experience-dependent neural plasticity is sensitive to shape of pitch contours.

Language experience is known to modulate the preattentive processing of linguistically relevant pitch contours when presented in the speech domain. To assess if experience-dependent effects are specific to speech, we evaluated the mismatch negativity response to nonspeech homologs (iterated rippled noise) of such curvilinear pitch contours (Mandarin: Tone 1, 'high level'; Tone 2, 'high rising') by Chinese and English listeners as well as to a pitch contour that was a linear approximation of Tone 2 ('linear ascending ramp'). Mandarin speakers showed larger mismatch negativity responses than English to the curvilinear pitch contours only. These results suggest that experience-dependent neural plasticity in early cortical processing of linguistically relevant pitch contours is sensitive to naturally occurring pitch dimensions but not specific to speech per se.