Toward optimal hemodynamics: computer modeling of the Fontan circuit.

The construction of efficient designs with minimal energy losses is especially important for cavopulmonary connections. The science of computational fluid dynamics has been increasingly used to study the hemodynamic performance of surgical operations. Three-dimensional computer models can be accurately constructed of typical cavopulmonary connections used in clinical practice based on anatomic data derived from magnetic resonance scans, angiocardiograms, and echocardiograms. Using these methods, the hydraulic performance of the hemi-Fontan, bidirectional Glenn, and a variety of types of completion Fontan operations can be evaluated and compared. This methodology has resulted in improved understanding and design of these surgical operations.