Literature DB >> 17128611

People want to see information that will help them make valid inferences in human causal learning.

Stefaan Vandorpe1, Jan De Houwer.   

Abstract

According to higher order reasoning accounts of human causal learning (e.g., Lovibond, Been, Mitchell, Bouton, and Frohardt, 2003; Waldmann and Walker, 2005) ceiling effects in forward blocking (i.e., smaller blocking effects when the outcome occurs with a maximal intensity on A+ and AX+ trials) are due to the fact that people are uncertain about the causal status of a blocked cue X in a forward blocking design when the outcome is always fully present on A+ and AX+ trials. This should not be the case for a reduced overshadowing cue Y (B- trials followed by BY+ trials). We tested this hypothesis by asking participants which additional information they preferred to see after seeing all learning trials. Results showed (1) that all participants preferred to see the effect of the blocked cue X over seeing the effect of the reduced overshadowing cue Y (Experiment 1), and (2) that more participants preferred to see the blocked cue X on its own when the outcome on A+ and AX+ trials was fully present than when the outcome on those trials had a submaximalintensity (Experiment 2).

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Year:  2006        PMID: 17128611     DOI: 10.3758/bf03193259

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Mem Cognit        ISSN: 0090-502X


  18 in total

1.  Competition among causes but not effects in predictive and diagnostic learning.

Authors:  M R Waldmann
Journal:  J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn       Date:  2000-01       Impact factor: 3.051

2.  Predictive versus diagnostic causal learning: evidence from an overshadowing paradigm.

Authors:  M R Waldmann
Journal:  Psychon Bull Rev       Date:  2001-09

3.  Learning, prediction and causal Bayes nets.

Authors:  Clark Glymour
Journal:  Trends Cogn Sci       Date:  2003-01       Impact factor: 20.229

4.  Causal beliefs and conditioned responses: retrospective revaluation induced by experience and by instruction.

Authors:  Peter F Lovibond
Journal:  J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn       Date:  2003-01       Impact factor: 3.051

5.  Forward and backward blocking of causal judgment is enhanced by additivity of effect magnitude.

Authors:  Peter E Lovibond; Sara-Lee Been; Chris J Mitchell; Mark E Bouton; Russell Frohardt
Journal:  Mem Cognit       Date:  2003-01

Review 6.  Evidence for the role of higher order reasoning processes in cue competition and other learning phenomena.

Authors:  Jan De Houwer; Tom Beckers; Stefaan Vandorpe
Journal:  Learn Behav       Date:  2005-05       Impact factor: 1.986

7.  A comparison of forward blocking and reduced overshadowing in human causal learning.

Authors:  Stefaan Vandorpe; Jan De Houwer
Journal:  Psychon Bull Rev       Date:  2005-10

8.  Further evidence for the role of inferential reasoning in forward blocking.

Authors:  Stefaan Vandorpe; Jan De Houwer; Tom Beckers
Journal:  Mem Cognit       Date:  2005-09

Review 9.  A theory of causal learning in children: causal maps and Bayes nets.

Authors:  Alison Gopnik; Clark Glymour; David M Sobel; Laura E Schulz; Tamar Kushnir; David Danks
Journal:  Psychol Rev       Date:  2004-01       Impact factor: 8.934

10.  Outcome and cue properties modulate blocking.

Authors:  Jan De Houwer; Tom Beckers; Steven Glautier
Journal:  Q J Exp Psychol A       Date:  2002-07
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  2 in total

1.  Bayesian approaches to associative learning: from passive to active learning.

Authors:  John K Kruschke
Journal:  Learn Behav       Date:  2008-08       Impact factor: 1.986

2.  Further evidence for the role of inferential reasoning in forward blocking.

Authors:  Stefaan Vandorpe; Jan De Houwer; Tom Beckers
Journal:  Mem Cognit       Date:  2005-09
  2 in total

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