Plate removal in traumatic facial fractures: 13-year practice review.

Various complications can result from titanium plate internal fixation, including infection, exposure, pain, cold intolerance, and palpability. The incidence of such complications has become a topic of recent interest with the advent of resorbable plating. We undertook a retrospective review to determine complication rates of titanium fixation in a facial fracture population. Out of 266 patients with operative management of traumatic facial fracture between 1991 and 2004, 135 patients had titanium plate fixation. We evaluated 16 panfacial fractures, 22 zygomatic-orbital complex fractures, 49 midface fractures, and 48 fractures of the mandible. Overall, 33.3% (45/135) of patients had plates removed; 64.4% (29/45) of plate removals were for complications, ie, discomfort, exposure, and infection; 35.6% (16/45) were removed during secondary reconstruction. The most common complication was discomfort related to palpability, cold intolerance, and pain. This constituted 72.4% (21/29) of all plate removals for complications. Higher rates of plate discomfort were noted near the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina.