PURPOSE: To differentiate calcification from hemorrhage on the basis of susceptibility at magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gradient-recalled echo (GRE) phase imaging was performed at 1.5 T in 101 calcified areas (15 in the basal ganglia, 86 out of the basal ganglia) and 39 uncalcified locations (13 choroid plexus and pineal glands, 26 old hemorrhages). Experiments with a small lead particle and a numerical simulation were also performed. RESULTS: The majority of calcifications outside the basal ganglia (n = 63) revealed a phase shift that represents diamagnetic susceptibility and was similar to the phase shift in the lead particle and to the calculated phase shift for a diamagnetic sphere. All hemorrhages and almost all calcified basal ganglia revealed a phase shift that represents paramagnetic susceptibility. All uncalcified choroid plexus and pineal glands revealed no obvious phase shift. Any location without calcification did not reveal the diamagnetic phase shift. CONCLUSION: GRE phase imaging differentiated paramagnetic from diamagnetic susceptibility, which was specific for calcification.
PURPOSE: To differentiate calcification from hemorrhage on the basis of susceptibility at magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gradient-recalled echo (GRE) phase imaging was performed at 1.5 T in 101 calcified areas (15 in the basal ganglia, 86 out of the basal ganglia) and 39 uncalcified locations (13 choroid plexus and pineal glands, 26 old hemorrhages). Experiments with a small lead particle and a numerical simulation were also performed. RESULTS: The majority of calcifications outside the basal ganglia (n = 63) revealed a phase shift that represents diamagnetic susceptibility and was similar to the phase shift in the lead particle and to the calculated phase shift for a diamagnetic sphere. All hemorrhages and almost all calcified basal ganglia revealed a phase shift that represents paramagnetic susceptibility. All uncalcified choroid plexus and pineal glands revealed no obvious phase shift. Any location without calcification did not reveal the diamagnetic phase shift. CONCLUSION: GRE phase imaging differentiated paramagnetic from diamagnetic susceptibility, which was specific for calcification.
Authors: Jeff H Duyn; Peter van Gelderen; Tie-Qiang Li; Jacco A de Zwart; Alan P Koretsky; Masaki Fukunaga Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2007-06-22 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: M Azuma; K Maekawa; A Yamashita; K Yokogami; M Enzaki; Z A Khant; H Takeshima; Y Asada; Y Wang; T Hirai Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2019-12-26 Impact factor: 3.825
Authors: Lauri Juhani Lehto; Alejandra Sierra; Curtis Andrew Corum; Jinjin Zhang; Djaudat Idiyatullin; Asla Pitkänen; Michael Garwood; Olli Gröhn Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2012-03-09 Impact factor: 6.556