Analysis of stereothresholds for stimuli below 2.5 c/deg.

We analyze published data on disparity detection thresholds for a wide range of conditions. This type of detection changes behavior dramatically at the spatial frequency of 2.5 c/deg; above this frequency threshold remains constant while below it threshold grows at a uniform rate. Many other types of threshold, such as upper disparity limits for depth perception and threshold amplitudes for stereo and monocular motion, show similar behavior. These data lead to the postulate that there are no foveal stereo channels peaking below 2.5 c/deg, so that foveal stimuli in the whole range below 2.5 c/deg are processed by a single channel tuned to this frequency. Consequently, disparity detection thresholds at frequencies below this frequency are controlled by the single parameter of effective contrast in the 2.5 c/deg channel, whose output depends jointly on the contrast and spatial frequency of the stimuli. We develop this idea to explain the relations between spatial and contrast tuning functions for disparity thresholds. To validate our conclusions, we describe an experiment with difference-of-Gaussian stimuli over a range of interocular widths and contrast differences. For a dichoptic width ratio of 2:1, the dichoptic contrast ratio required to minimize disparity detection thresholds was 1:4, just as predicted by the model.