Differential electrical excitation of the auditory nerve.

The multichannel cochlear prosthesis requires an electrode stimulus configuration which produces a stimulus field spatially localized to each electrode. In this paper, a three-dimensional discrete resistance model of the cochlea was developed which exhibits electrical response properties similar to those observed during electrical stimulation of the cochlea. The model results suggest that the spatial attenuation of current within the cochlea varies greatly in magnitude, depending on the stimulus configuration. In addition, the model suggests that the spatial attenuation of current in both the auditory nerve fiber endings in the organ of Corti and in the myelinated fibers within the cochlear ground paths is different from the voltage attenuation in the scalar fluids. Therefore the efficacy with which a particular stimulus configuration differentially excites local terminal auditory nerve fiber populations cannot be deduced from scalar voltage measurements which have previously been recorded in the literature. Consequently physiological experiments were performed in the cat to measure the current distributions in the terminal nerve fiber region for monopolar and bipolar stimulation of the scala tympani, and also for stimulation between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli. The mean length constants measured in the basal turn for these stimuli were found to be 12, 3, and 7.5 mm, respectively.