Differential activation of the mouse beta-globin promoter by enhancers.

A series of plasmids was constructed to study the effect of two enhancers, the simian virus 40 72-base-pair repeat and the Harvey sarcoma virus 73-base-pair repeat, on the mouse beta maj-globin promoter. These plasmids contain the mouse beta maj-globin promoter linked to the Escherichia coli galK gene, thus allowing galactokinase enzyme activity to be used as a measure of promoter function. In CV-1 (primate) cells, it was found that an enhancer is required for optimal promoter activity and that the simian virus 40 (primate) enhancer increases galactokinase fourfold more than the Harvey sarcoma virus (mouse) enhancer. In L (mouse) cells, however, the Harvey sarcoma virus enhancer is 1.3-fold stronger than the simian virus 40 enhancer. These data support the hypothesis that enhancer activity can be species specific. Furthermore, when both enhancers are present on the same plasmid, their effect is additive on the beta-globin promoter whether the plasmid is in CV-1 cells or L cells.