Does somatostatin in the gut inhibit the GLI release locally?

Based on the assumption that somatostatin may inhibit peptide release through junctional complexes or through local circulation, an immunfluorescent technique for somatostatin and GLI in the gut was applied in order to investigate whether suppression of GLI release by i.v. administration of somatostatin was a physiological effect of somatostatin or not. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells (GIF-cells) in the human and canine intestine had no direct cellular contacts with GLI-immunoreactive cells (GLI-cells). This finding suggests that somatostatin in the intestine does not inhibit GLI release through junctional complexes between GIF- and GLI-cells. As to the local circulation, most of GIF-cells in the canine intestine were distributed in the deeper portion of the intestinal gland which corresponds to the upstream sides of the local blood supply of the intestinal gland, as reported by REYNOLD et al. The ratio of GIF-cells to total cells (GIF-cells + GLI-cells) was 68% in the duodenum and 25% in the ileum. In contrast a limited number of GIF-cells was found in the human duodenum where a few GLI-cells were distributed and a few GIF-cells were seen in the human ileum where a large number of GLI-cells were located. Findings in the dog suggest the possibility that somatostatin inhibits GLI release from GLI-cells through the local circulation system of intestinal glands. However, findings in humans suggest that the same possibility does not apply to the human gut. Differences of population density of intestinal GIF-cells between humans and dogs indicate that the functional meaning of GIF-cells may vary from one species to another.